Suchergebnisse

WHEREAS OTHER SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE HAD TO CONSTRUCT RESPONSES TO THE CHALLENGES OF EUREOPAN INTEGRATION IN REACTION TO ONGOING DEVELOPMENTS IN THE INTEGRATION PROCESS, THE AUSTRIAN LANDER NEGOTIATED CHANNELS OF EUROPEAN POLICY INPUT BEFORE AUSTRIAN ACCESSION TO THE UNION. THIS ARTICLE SETS OUT WHAT THEY ACHIEVED. THEY HAVE SECURED EXTENSIVE RIGHTS OF INPUT, ALONG WITH A STRONG BASE IN BRUSSELS, BOTH LARGELY MODELED ON THE EXAMPLE SET BY THE GERMAN LANDER. IT IS CLEAR THAT THE AUSTRIAN LANDER HAVE SETTLED ON A SELECTIVELY FOCUSED MOBILIZATION OF THEIR RIGHTS.

THE FEDERALISM ESTABLISHED IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, AND AUSTRIA, IN ADDITION TO THE COMMON LANGUAGE OF THESE COUNTRIES, DISTINGUISHES THEM FROM THE OTHER WEST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, WHICH LEAN TOWARD CENTRALLY ORGANIZED STATES. AFTER EXAMINING THE HISTORICAL FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEDERAL SYSTEMS IN THE THREE COUNTRIES, THE ARTICLE ANALYZES THE SEGMENTATION, FEDERAL-STATE INTERACTION, AND INTRAPARTY EFFECTS OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN THEM. WHILE FEDERALISM IS STRENGTHENED BY THE HETEROGENEITY AND REGIONAL SOLIDARITY OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES IN SWITZERLAND, FEDERALISM HAS BECOME A PURE "PARTY FEDERALISM" IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA.