Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTThis study documents the development of a link between a geographical information system (GIS) and a non‐point source pollution model. The GIS ARC/INFO was linked to the agricultural non‐point source pollution model and ORACLE data sources. Application of the system is demonstrated using the Bedford‐Ouse catchment as a suitable case study. Water quality impacts are predicted from source data describing topography, soils, land use and river network. The model results were in agreement with observed nitrate concentrations at the catchment outlet, and more appropriate data sources are considered to be the main priority for improving model predictive ability. Management scenarios were established to assess the impact of changing agricultural management practices on predicted water quality. The approach has significant potential for the management of agricultural pollution in the UK.

ABSTRACTThe environmental impact of small‐scale sewage‐treatment works has been evaluated using the technique of 'life‐cycle analysis'. Three sewage‐treatment works with different process options were analysed to identify and quantify material use, energy use and environmental releases during construction, operation and demolition. This enabled (i) a comparison to be made between process options, and (ii) the identification of opportunities for the improvement of environmental performance. Subject to satisfactory sewage treatment and sludge disposal, the technique identified additional impacts of importance, which have implications for energy management, works design, supplier management and general environmental policy. Life‐cycle analysis provides a useful insight into environmental impact and has potential for wider application within the water industry.