Suchergebnisse

The contested history of the partition of India, and ultimately Pakistan's formation, is divulged in this book. Issues arise from the authors' alignment with the Hindutva cause.

This paper critically examines the legislative and institutional framework that governs seed provision in Pakistan, underscoring the need for policy reform in key areas of variety release procedures, intellectual property rights and quality control. The paper also systematically documents the current state of seed provision for various major and minor crops. It provides up-to-date data-insofar as these are available in the public domain-on variety development, seed requirement, production, and sale for various crops; identifies various actors in the public and private sectors; and examines their political and economic interests in continuing or changing the existing system. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; PSSP ; DSGD

Research on gender roles in relation to government bureaucratic structures is still minimal. This study aims to find answers to the main problem, namely how the role of women in the local government bureaucracy seen from human resource development aspect in Central Sulawesi Province. This research is a qualitative descriptive study which aims to create a picture of the gender presentation in the bureaucratic staffing and the role of women. The subjects of this study were women who hold echelons. The data collection technique used in this study was literature review. For the validity of the data, the cross check technique was used. The data analysis technique used is the inductive analysis technique. The results showed that the role of women in the local government bureaucracy in Central Sulawesi was still not fully implemented. The echelon holder ratio is still dominated by men. However, it is possible that this ratio will change over time.

The refugee crisis that emerged in 2015 was considered to be one of the worst political and humanitarian disasters and the huge influx of immigrants that arrived in Europe caused collective concerns among the receiving countries. The general attitude towards immigrants in Germany has been positive for years but the Syrian crisis prompted the German policies to become more lenient towards the refugees. Therefore, this paper analyzes Germany's policy shift towards refugees after 2015 and examines the reasons behind the positive stance towards immigrants from the existing literature. The paper discusses the role of different factors ranging from economic, foreign policy considerations, ideological concerns to humanitarian values. In addition, this paper highlights the gaps in the literature and proposes directions for future research to comprehend German policies on immigrants. The research concludes with the findings that humanitarian values and past experiences have played a crucial role in shaping Germany's refugee policy during the European refugee crisis.

This study discusses transformational leadership, the reference theory used in this study is Yukl (2007), a Professor from the State University of New York, he mapped that transformational leadership basically has four characteristics, namely; (1) ideal influences, (2) inspirational motivation, (3) intellectual stimulation, and (4) individual attention. The concept is then tested to the flagship program of Makassar's mayor elected 2014-2019 namely, Makassar Green and Clean, to make it happen a derivative program that is Makassar No Rantasa (MTR). Through qualitative approach with case study method, the researcher then get the data in more depth. Data collection was done in three ways: interview, observation and documentation study. Based on the results of the research indicates that the level of community satisfaction and government apparatus towards this program has shown positive trend, in the sense that they (the community and government apparatus) have felt the positive impact of this program, that is with the changing of environment condition and citizen mindset for cleanliness and arrangement of beauty hallway. But it can not be denied that this program has not been implemented with the maximum in all corners of Makassar, this is evidenced by the results of research in sub-district locations located on the outskirts of the city seen not getting the maximum attention from the city government.

The policy gaps could easily appear in national projects of developing regimes when they lack local policy evidence during the decision and implementation stages toward economic development. We have identified collaborative governance (CG) literature and models as a strategy to bridge the policy gaps during the development of commercial capacities in Pakistan. Although frameworks exist to investigate CG practice for a national endeavor, the emerging nature of CG in a developing regime requires a specific theoretical framework to test the local implications. Therefore, we attempted to establish a new theoretical framework for CG. We have assigned collaboration elements that are more compatible to find out grassroots policy evidence in relation to economic measures from relevant stakeholders. Commercial capacity development depends upon the successful execution of energy and infrastructure portfolios in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The local Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) organizations gave their policy perspectives about the viability and gaps in the existing CPEC policies. The findings depict that collaboration structures are not advanced at all administrative levels in developing countries compared to the developed regimes. Marginalized representation is instrumental in conceptualizing the CG for developing contexts. It could also save the transactional cost and limitations of political and legal nature while exercising the CG in any national project of a developing regime, especially for long-run goals.

Purpose
The purpose of this research study is to lower the knowledge gap by exploring the degree of corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRD) made by top Pakistani (Karachi Stock Exchange [KSE] 100 listed non-financial) companies and investigating the financial and non-financial CSRD determinants which aid to the policy development in implementing required regulatory reforms.


Design/methodology/approach
KSE 100 index listed companies are covered in this study that published their annual reports consistently during the time period of five years from 2009 to 2013. Financial and non-financial data will be collected from the sample of KSE-listed company's annual reports. Information related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) will be collected by hand from reports of disclosure of CSR, disclosures of corporate governance, report of the directors, a statement of Chairman's and notes to the financial statement enclosed in companies' annual reports. Content analysis technique to measure corporate environmental and social disclosures for items scoring the approach is, in essence, dichotomous, one score assigned to the item in the scores of instrument of research if it disclosed, otherwise assigned zero, and no penalty or negative score is imposed to the item which is reflected irrelevant.


Findings
Family ownership, industry type and firm size have positive significant relationship with CSR disclosure, and the authors found negative significant relationship between risk and CSRD. Results of this study propose that, in developing countries like Pakistan, the extent of determinant of CSRD is based on the number of important firm and industry characteristics and are aligned with empirical evidence.


Research limitations/implications
This research uses only annual reports of the companies for the data of CSRD but companies also use other sources for disclosure of their CSR information such as mass media, etc. Content analysis is performed by one author and the second author cross-checked the companies, so biasness may remain a limitation due to the fact that errors attach in rating scale due to judgments of human.


Practical implications
The finding of this study helps policymakers to quantify and know the degree of CSRD and its determinants which enables them to boost the organizational legitimacy and CSR practices by adopting the needed regulatory reform.


Social implications
The results of this study provide warning signals to the management of the companies in some cases where disclosure level of CSR is lower in the period before issuance of SECP CSR guidelines of 2013.


Originality/value
This research study offers valuable inputs in the development and betterment of CSR rules for the reason that the findings of the research provide information to the future CSR rules and guidelines. The results of this study also help the regulator (SECP) in Pakistan to revise the CSRD to align with the need of changing industrial characteristics and economic environment.

Whether it is agenda setting, policy formulation or implementation, people's participation at all levels of policy process, decision-making and service delivery has become the prime prerequisite in the prevailing development paradigm. Although in practice there remains huge argument regarding people's effective involvement in the development process due to unwillingness of the supply side and inefficiency, political ignorance of the demand end, it is an undeniable fact that the government of Bangladesh in the recent past has enacted laws for all levels of local government bodies with especial focus given on the people's participation in different phases of development process. This study aims at reconnaissance of the degree of rights and opportunity given to the general people to participate in the development process presented in the existing Local Government Acts, both in rural and urban local government tiers. The study mainly focuses on the secondary sources, exclusively on the existing Local Government Acts and ordinances. The study finds that all acts have significantly included the opportunities for local people to participate in the decision-making process. It is interesting to say that the lower the tier of local government, the higher opportunity to participate in decision making process.
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(1), June 2021 Page 1-16

Purpose: The present research seeks to explore the effects of Soap operas on television viewers. It had made comparative analysis of male and female viewer's perception regarding the image of female empowerment as projected in soap operas. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this study, quantitative survey was conducted. By employing a framework of cultivation theory the effects of Star Plus soaps on the minds of viewers were examined. In this connection, 200 samples of respondents were drawn from the population by using purposive sampling technique. Findings: The results indicated that Star Plus soap operas had influenced the thinking of male and female respondents differently. Female respondents supported women's equal rights for political, social and educational perspectives than male respondents. Female respondents rejected wife battering and honor killing than males. Overall, it was noticed that female viewers of soap operas considered that subservience attitude of women was the actual reason of females' suffering in the society. Implications/Originality/Value: The findings suggest policy consideration to Pakistan Media industry regarding female's portrayal in dramas. In Pakistan Urdu dramas are very popular in prime time. By projecting females in positive and strong roles, the concept of women empowerment can be disseminated in the society.

The aim of this research is to look at the politics of religious affiliation in Sigi Regency's direct regional head elections in 2010 and 2015. The majority of adherents of faith, namely the Muslim and Protestant Christian communities, are represented in the political reality of the community in Sigi Regency. In the elections for the Regent and Deputy Regent of Sigi Regency, the opportunity for population allocation based on the two faiths has become a political instrument to take power. During two cycles of direct regional head elections in Sigi Regency, the state of population characteristics of religious affiliation trends became electoral consumption by political elites. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method. According to research, religious affiliation is a fair concern in winning provincial head elections in 2010 and 2015, as well as a way of political balance representing the two religions' cultures.