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Neither peaceful protests nor large-scale riots result simply from the existence of an oppressed class. It is true that in the US we have both an oppressed class & a pattern of violence & protest. But the pattern of violence over the past 3 or 4 yrs & the pattern of protest which has developed over a period of nearly 20 yrs are both relatively new phenomena. The pattern of oppression, on the other hand, is older than the nation itself. See sci'ts can identify 4 variables which diff'iate black Amer's today from their parents, grandparents, & enslaved ancestors: (1) marked upward mobility in that most critical of stratification factors, educ, leading to (2) markedly higher expectations for equality of opportunity, for human dignity, for access to pol' al power, & for econ payoff in the society's reward structure, leading to (3) soc org to protest the discrimination which serves as a road block in gaining access to these expectations, with all 3 of these occurring at the same time that black Amer's have suffered (4) the dislocation of the mass migration which has removed them from their traditional Ru Southern homes to the concentration of Northern U r ghettos. AA.