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Research with dealers at the market end of the global chain of supply of cultural objects leads to the suggestion that the analytical framework associated with the concept of 'crimes of the powerful' can be useful in helping us to understand the role of dealers in driving the market, and in focussing our attention on the difficulties of engaging with the illicit trade through a conventional criminal justice approach. This paper explores the nature of the power that is associated with high-level antiquities dealers, and considers its regulatory implications.

Corporate negative externalities occur when corporations place some of the costs of their profit-seeking activity onto society. This paper suggests that the current global problem of intellectual property crime is such an externality, and that it has not been recognised as such because corporations present product counterfeiting and piracy as crimes which reduce their revenue, rather than as predictable side effects of corporate production and merchandising, including branding activity, which have considerable socially deleterious consequences. It is argued that corporate actors are responsible for the socially harmful effects of the global counterfeiting problem in the following respects. Branding, advertising, and other corporate activities drive the market for goods which have a fashion value over and above their use value. While corporations 'create' this desire, they cannot prevent it being applied to the desire for fake or replica goods. Outsourcing of corporate production activities to developing countries to take advantage of cheap manufacturing and labour costs presents considerable opportunities to producers in those countries to copy and distribute the goods in an unauthorised way. Serious measures are not taken against product counterfeiters by rights-holding corporations, since market expediency dictates that the costs of counterfeiting are not so adverse to corporations to incentivise them to change their business methods. Counterfeit and pirated goods cause a range of social harms above and beyond the spuriously-costed financial damage corporate rights-holders suggest they suffer - these include the health and safety issues created by some fake goods, and the creation and maintenance of highly profitable organised crime activity in international markets for fake goods.

This article aims to explain how and why the First World War became, and remains to this day, a forgotten war in the United States of America. It does so primarily through the lens of popular culture, examining forms of historical memory ranging from memorials and museums to Hollywood films and reenactment societies, though academic as well as popular writings are also touched on. The central premise is that while Americans wrote about and memorialised the Great War in stone and on film just as much as the rest of the Anglo-Saxon world in the inter-war decades, for the past seventy years the First World War in the USA has been eclipsed by the Second World War; a conflict much greater in scale and scope in terms of American involvement, especially in relation to military casualties. The ongoing competition for popular attention offered by the Civil War of the previous century is also noted, along with the ways in which the First World War tends to be approached in the classroom. Finally, the future prospects of World War I in American popular consciousness are examined in the context of the approaching centenary of USA entry into the conflict. ; Este artículo pretende explicar cómo y por qué la Primera Guerra Mundial se convirtió en, y aún permanece hasta este día como, la guerra olvidada en los Estados Unidos de América. Esto lo haremos sobre todo a través de la lente de la cultura popular, examinando diversos modos de memoria histórica que abarcan desde monumentos conmemorativos y museos hasta películas de Hollywood y asociaciones de recreación histórica, aunque también se examinarán artículos académicos y generales. La premisa principal es que mientras los americanos escribían y conmemoraban la Gran Guerra sobre piedra y carrete tanto como el resto del mundo anglosajón en las décadas entre guerras, durante los últimos setenta años en EE.UU. la Primera Guerra Mundial se ha visto eclipsada por la Segunda Guerra Mundial; un conflicto mucho mayor en escala y alcance en términos de la implicación americana, sobre todo en relación a las bajas militares. También se señalará la competición con la Guerra Civil por la atención popular a lo largo del siglo anterior, junto al modo en que la Primera Guerra Mundial tiende a abordarse en las aulas. Para terminar, el porvenir de la Primera Guerra Mundial en la conciencia americana popular se examinará dentro del contexto del próximo centenario de la entrada de EE.UU. en el conflicto.

Mackenzie, the author of the article and a senior researcher at the Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research at the University of Glasgow poses an argument of habitus (a form of "practical knowledge") the concept of which collects features of social existence such as disposition, agency, strategy, structural reproduction, body, mind, choice, and unconsciousness. The chapter bases habitus on international research of law and morality in criminal cases where the accused often misrepresent or hide (silence issue) certain facts in order to get "off the hook". All the research, however has reached little impact on the present situation in misrepresentations of habitus. The author examines this and other factors like looting based upon Bourdieu's analyses of such measures. L. Babiasz

Abstract:Following Nepal's 2015 earthquake, there was speculation that sacred art would be looted from the ruins of severely damaged temples due to a breakdown in formal security. Although pillage did not immediately occur, the months following the earthquake have seen the theft of sacred heritage items. As Nepali sacred art remains under threat of theft, we explore the processes by which government intervention can be destructive of the community dynamic that maintains local crime prevention on an informal and unofficial level. Based on fieldwork conducted in Nepal shortly before and after the earthquake, we ask: can situational crime prevention measures, when imposed in a top-down fashion upon communities by state actors, be corrosive of collective efficacy and, therefore, ultimately self-defeating in crime prevention terms? The case of post-quake Nepal seems to suggest that the answer to this question is, in some circumstances, yes.