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SOCIAL NORMS OF COORDINATION AND COOPERATION – ERRATUM
In: Social philosophy & policy, Band 36, Heft 2, S. 284-285
ISSN: 1471-6437
SOCIAL NORMS OF COORDINATION AND COOPERATION
In: Social philosophy & policy, Band 35, Heft 1, S. 77-100
ISSN: 1471-6437
Abstract:The scholarly discourse on social norms in the tradition of Thomas Schelling (1960) often makes a sharp distinction between social norms and social conventions. In attempting to apply that distinction to actual practices and to teach it to practitioners and students I encountered frequent difficulties and confusions, and finally concluded that it is untenable. I recommend a return to some version of Ullman-Margalit's (1977) distinction between social norms of cooperation and social norms of coordination. Social norms, I say, are distinguished by beliefs in a relevant group that the rule is typical among them and approved of among them. I describe four ways that social norms of coordination, including conventions of social meaning, are influenced by social approval and disapproval. I contend that the effort by Southwood and Eriksson (2011) to show that social conventions and social norms are essentially different breaks down because their conception of social norms is overly moralized. I present a more social conception of social norms that does without the regnant distinction between "social norm" and "social convention" and instead allows for social norms of cooperation, social norms of coordination, and other kinds of social norms.
Social Norms Change: Believing Makes It So
In: Social research: an international quarterly, Band 85, Heft 1, S. 141-166
ISSN: 1944-768X
The Values of Democratic Proceduralism
In: Irish political studies: yearbook of the Political Studies Association of Ireland, Band 26, Heft 4, S. 439-453
ISSN: 1743-9078
Reply to Green
In: Political theory: an international journal of political philosophy, Band 38, Heft 2, S. 276-281
ISSN: 1552-7476
The Model of War
In: Political theory: an international journal of political philosophy, Band 38, Heft 2, S. 214-243
ISSN: 0090-5917
Schumpeter's leadership democracy
In: Political theory: an international journal of political philosophy, Band 37, Heft 1, S. 128-153
ISSN: 0090-5917
World Affairs Online
Astroturfing Infotopia
In: Theoria: a journal of social and political theory, Band 56, Heft 119
ISSN: 1558-5816
Schumpeter's Leadership Democracy
In: Political theory: an international journal of political philosophy, Band 37, Heft 1, S. 128-153
ISSN: 1552-7476
Schumpeter's redefinition of representative democracy as merely leadership competition was canonical in postwar political science. Schumpeter denies that individual will, common will, or common good are essential to democracy, but he, and anyone, I contend, is forced to assume these conditions in the course of denying them. Democracy is only a method, of no intrinsic value, its sole function to select leaders, according to Schumpeter. Leaders impose their views, and are not controlled by voters, and this is as it should be, he says. I respond that his leadership democracy is implausible, both descriptively and prescriptively. Competitive election is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition of democracy, not sufficient even for the limited empirical purpose of regime classification. Any adequate definition of democracy must make reference to the common will, the common good, and other values, I submit.
Cognitive and Affective Aspects of Three Concepts of Liberty
In: APSA 2009 Toronto Meeting Paper
SSRN
Working paper
Does democratic deliberation change minds?
In: Politics, philosophy & economics: ppe, Band 5, Heft 3, S. 279-303
ISSN: 1741-3060
Discussion is frequently observed in democratic politics, but change in view is rarely observed. Call this the 'unchanging minds hypothesis'. I assume that a given belief or desire is not isolated, but, rather, is located in a network structure of attitudes, such that persuasion sufficient to change an attitude in isolation is not sufficient to change the attitude as supported by its network. The network structure of attitudes explains why the unchanging minds hypothesis seems to be true, and why it is false: due to the network, the effects of deliberative persuasion are typically latent, indirect, delayed, or disguised. Finally, I connect up the coherence account of attitudes to several topics in recent political and democratic theory.
Is Democracy Impossible?: Riker's Mistaken Accounts of Antebellum Politics
Introduction. In his Liberalism against Populism, an interpretation of the results of social choice theory, Riker (1982) makes an apparently powerful case against the very intelligibility of majoritarian democracy. Because different voting systems yield different outcomes from the same profile of individual voters' preferences, he argues, democracy is inaccurate. The claim is made by way of examples that establish logical possibility. However, for real-world distributions of individual preference orders – individual orderings are at least mildly correlated with one another rather than random – the reasonable voting rules tend to converge on the same outcomes (Mackie 2000).
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Functionalist Socialization, Family and Character
In: Analyse & Kritik: journal of philosophy and social theory, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 40-59
ISSN: 2365-9858
Abstract
According to functionalism, the family internalizes and transmits society's supposed value consensus from one generation to the next, and such socialization explains morality, social order, and cultural uniformities. I present three investigations that challenge the concept of functionalist socialization, and propose alternative theories that may better explain observations. First, I present evidence from developmental psychology based largely on American subjects and an ethnographic report from Burkina Faso which suggest that the characters of children are not formed by parental socialization. Second, I report data from Europe which suggest that the weaker is family and its supervision, the stronger is character and internalized morality. Third, I report an account of European modernization which suggests that weaker family ties broaden extrafamilial associations and generalize moral orientation. Finally, I suggest that Schelling's game-theoretic account of social conventions is a better explanation of cultural continuities and discontinuities than is functionalism.
Success and Failure in an American Workers' Cooperative Movement
In: Politics & society, Band 22, Heft 2, S. 215-235
ISSN: 1552-7514