Suchergebnisse

The expansion of Hungary outside the Carpathians, a process which involved colonization and military presence, was stopped at the middle of the 13th century by the Golden Horde domination over this area. The Mongol domination allowed the development of small Romanian political organizations ruled by voievodes or cnezi, in the region east of Olt, while west of Olt the Hungarian domination survived in certain forms until 1291, when a new offensive extended along the Danube, up to Serbia, the domination of the Isaccea emirate ruled by Nogai. In northern Oltenia, the voievode Litovoi tried in 1278 to liberate his land from the Hungarian vassalage, and to extend it east of Olt. The Golden Horde hegemony provided stability, being a condition for the establishment of the first Romanian state in northern Walachia. The legendary founder Negru Vodă came from the Transylvanian (Făgăraş area) with his military suite in 1290, after the confiscation of their properties. The Hungarian domination over the voievodate of Curtea de Argeş, established around the middle of the 13th century was replaced with the protection of the Golden Horde. ; La expansión de Hungría fuera de los Cárpatos, un proceso que involucró la colonización y la presencia militar, fue detenida a mediados del siglo XIII por el dominio de la Horda de Oro sobre esta área. El dominio mongol permitió el desarrollo de pequeñas organizaciones políticas rumanas gobernadas por voievodes o cnezi, en la región este de Olt, mientras que al oeste de Olt el dominio húngaro sobrevivió en ciertas formas hasta 1291, cuando una nueva ofensiva a lo largo del Danubio se extendió hasta Serbia, dominio del emirato Isacceo gobernado por Nogai. En el norte de Oltenia, el voievode Litovoi intentó en 1278 liberar su territorio del vasallaje húngaro y extenderlo al este de Olt.La hegemonía de la Horda de Oro proporcionó estabilidad, siendo una condición para el establecimiento del primer estado rumano en el norte de Valaquia. El legendario fundador Negru Vodă vino de Transilvania (área de Făgăraş) con su séquito militar en 1290, después de la confiscación de sus propiedades. El dominio húngaro sobre el voyovodato de Curtea de Argeş, establecido a mediados del siglo XIII, fue reemplazado por la protección de la Horda de Oro.

Past -- The ethnic aspects -- The slavization of the Balkan Peninsula -- The expansion of the Albanians -- The Vlachs (Aromanians) a people without state -- Deportations and colonizations made by the Byzantine and Ottoman empires -- The political aspects -- The downfall and recovery of the Byzantine domination and the rise of Bulgaria -- The small Slavic states from the central and western Balkans -- The Byzantine offensive (ninth-eleventh centuries) -- Pax Byzantina and the centrifugal trends in the eleventh-twelfth centuries -- The inheritors of the Byzantine imperialism -- The rise and the breaking up of great Serbia -- The Ottoman conquest -- Pax Ottomana -- The religious aspects -- The confrontation between Rome and Constantinople in the Balkans -- The spreading of Islam in the Balkans: a new differentiation -- The present. historical propaganda and the Balkan nationalist ideologies -- Theories of ethnogenesis with political implications -- The Greeks -- The Albanians -- The Bulgarians -- The Serbs and the Croats -- The Vlachs (Aromanians) -- The legitimation of expansionism by the abuse of history -- Kosovo- Serbian or Albanian? -- The historical Macedonia - the apple of discord among Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia