Suchergebnisse

Introduction. Situating Abortion: Islam, the Arab Countries and the Tunisian Exception -- Putting Abortion into Question: Debates, Actors and Stakes after the Revolution -- Female Bodies, Contraception and Reproductive Norms -- Reproductive Governance, Moral Regimes and Unwanted Pregnancies -- Imagining Early Pregnancy: Ontologies of the Foetus and the Moral Perception of Abortion -- Conclusion.

In Tunisia, medication abortion has been available in government reproductive and sexual health clinics since the early 2000s. Since its introduction, it has rapidly replaced the surgical method, and between 75% and 80% of abortions in the public sector were performed using the pharmacological protocol in 2016. In this article, I intend to discuss the various forms of ignorance about medication abortion that exist in Tunisia among several categories of actors in relation to the legal, medical and religious domains. I explore how the existing 'varieties of ignorance' are related to the specific political, social and economic positions of the involved actors, the dominant gender regime, specific institutional policies and economic interests. I also investigate how some forms of ignorance are wilfully produced by institutions and individuals, whereas others are the result of positionality or organizational features. I first describe when and how medication abortion was introduced in Tunisia and the forms of resistance it elicited; later, I examine the production of ignorance about this technology after the revolution of 2011. I mainly consider practices and discourses of health professionals, but also those of women seeking abortion care in the public sector, and those of the activists of a Tunisian non-governmental organization operating in the domain of women's health and rights.

Reflecting on the recent creation of the surgical technique of 'natural caesarean', this paper investigates how caesarean section, a major abdominal surgery, can be associated with 'natural childbirth' To understand the paradoxical creation of this concept, I look back at the history of obstetrics and at the evolution of the nature/culture dichotomy in European modern thought. The multiple meanings of these two concepts and the epistemological and social premises underpinning the formation of modern obstetrics are examined to unravel the complexity of current medical practices applied to women's bodies as well as women's attitudes. In light of these historical elements, natural caesarean is understood as a notion born from cultural and professional negotiations and fraught with contradictory meanings originating from different medical and cultural discursive traditions.

De longue date, l'allaitement fait l'objet de débats qui ont une dimension politique, économique et socioculturelle. Aujourd'hui plus particulièrement, l'allaitement est situé au cœur des dispositifs de santé des organismes internationaux en matière de soins destinés aux nouveau-nés, mais aussi de santé maternelle. Il est un élément qui polarise les idéologies dans le débat public concernant les politiques de la famille et du travail féminin. Cette question occupe par ailleurs une place importante dans les différents courants de la réflexion féministe contemporaine, notamment en ce qui concerne les controverses entre féminismes essentialiste et universaliste ainsi que dans le débat autour de la maternit