Suchergebnisse

Le Canada se caractérise par l'importance économique de ses secteurs industriels polluants. Le pays a eu un engagement tardif sur les questions environnementales, avant de lancer une politique volontariste après 2015. Les organisations syndicales s'y démarquent par un engagement en faveur des politiques de transition juste et de partenariats avec les organisations écologistes. Le cas agricole et la loi de décarbonation de 2021 illustrent les défis récents posés aux syndicats canadiens.

Historically, men have always been maintaining a very close relationship with waterways. The modifications they did have caused many dysfunctions. To fix them, the EU created the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000. Since 1960, France has been a precursor in this area; how is France going to adapt its water politics to meet the expectations of European Water Framework Directive. This report will answer it by presenting the planning tools implemented (SDAGE, SAGE) and their applications (contracts of work scheduling) Through the CTMA Lambon and tributaries we see that the French water policy is relevant but not sufficient to meet the expectations of the WFD. To achieve these objectives, it would be interesting to compare the French measures with the measures of the other member states in order to define how to improve our policy ; Historiquement les cours d'eau et l'homme entretiennent une relation très étroite. Leurs modifications sont à l'origine de nombreux dysfonctionnements. Pour y répondre, l'Union européenne crée en 2000 la Directive Cadre Européenne sur l'eau. Précurseur dans ce domaine depuis les années 1960, comment la France adapte t'elle sa politique de l'eau pour répondre aux attentes de la DCE ? Ce mémoire va s'attacher a y répondre en présentant les outils de planification mise en place (SDAGE, SAGE) et leurs applications (contrats de programmation des travaux). Au travers le CTMA Lambon et affluents on constate que Ia politique de l'eau française et pertinente mais pas suffisante pour répondre aux attentes de Ia DCE. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, il serait intéressant de comparer les mesures françaises aux mesures des autres états membres afin de définir comment améliorer notre politique.

Legacies from the Glorious Thirty still contribute to shape French industrial and logistic port spaces to a large extent, from morphological, economic and institutional point of views. During this period, maritime industrial development areas have been created. There were managed and operated by the state, through dedicated public bodies named ports autonomes. The globalization of the maritime industry and the liberalization of the port sector which started during the 1980s have unsettled this system. These two tendencies have led to the adoption of the "landlord port" management model by main ports worldwide. In this model, port operation is conducted by private enterprises while public port management entities (or port authorities) focus on planning, developing and managing land in the port area. In France, this transition occurred with the port reform of 2008, through which ports autonomes became grands ports maritimes. This PhD research aims at understanding the effects of these changes on port land planning, development and management, through the analysis of the practices of the port authorities of French main seaports. The latter are still under the control of the state, but their autonomy and their competencies have been enlarged. While they traditionally focus on the construction and the maintaining of port infrastructures, their interventions tend to spread in space and to diversify. The trajectory of port space management and development echoes that of other infrastructural spaces (rail or airport spaces). This work contributes to shed light on the continuities and ruptures of state intervention in territorial planning and development in the last decades. ; L'espace portuaire industriel et logistique français est largement héritier de la période des Trente Glorieuses. Celle-ci a vu naître les zones industrialo-portuaires, initiées, gérées, exploitées par l'État au travers d'établissements dédiés, les ports autonomes. Ce système est déstabilisé par la globalisation de l'industrie maritime et la libéralisation du secteur portuaire, entamées dans les années 1980. Ces deux tendances participent à la diffusion à l'échelle mondiale du modèle de gestion dit landlord port, selon lequel l'exploitation portuaire est confiée à des opérateurs privés. Les entités publiques gestionnaires de ports (ou autorités portuaires) voient quant à elles leur champ d'action recentré autour de l'aménagement et de la gestion de leur domaine. En France, la réforme portuaire de 2008 sanctionne cette transition; les grands ports maritimes se substituent aux ports autonomes. Cette thèse appréhende les effets de ces mutations sur la production et la gestion de l'espace portuaire, saisies à partir des pratiques des autorités portuaires des grands ports français. Tout en restant placées sous le contrôle de l'État, celles-ci voient leur autonomie et leurs compétences s'élargir. Il en découle un déploiement spatial et une diversification de leurs interventions, traditionnellement centrées sur la construction et l'entretien des infrastructures portuaires. La trajectoire de l'aménagement portuaire fait écho à celle d'autres espaces infrastructurels (ferroviaires, aéroportuaires). Elle met en lumière les continuités et les ruptures qui marquent l'action de l'État au cours des dernières décennies dans l'aménagement du territoire.

Legacies from the Glorious Thirty still contribute to shape French industrial and logistic port spaces to a large extent, from morphological, economic and institutional point of views. During this period, maritime industrial development areas have been created. They were managed and operated by the state, through dedicated public bodies named ports autonomes. The globalization of the maritime industry and the liberalization of the port sector which started during the 1980s have unsettled this system. These two tendencies have led to the adoption of the "landlord port" management model by main ports worldwide. In this model, port operation is conducted by private enterprises while public port management entities (or port authorities) focus on planning, developing and managing land in the port area. In France, this transition occurred with the port reform of 2008, through which ports autonomes became grands ports maritimes.This PhD research aims at understanding the effects of these changes on port land planning, development and management, through the analysis of the practices of the port authorities of French main seaports. The latter are still under the control of the state, but their autonomy and their competencies have been enlarged. While they traditionally focus on the construction and the maintaining of port infrastructures, their interventions tend to spread in space and to diversify. The trajectory of port space management and development echoes that of other infrastructural spaces (rail or airport spaces). This work is related to academic literature on planning, and it contributes to shed light on the continuities and ruptures of state intervention in territorial planning and development in the last decades. ; Dans ses caractéristiques morphologiques, économiques et institutionnelles, l'espace portuaire industriel et logistique français est largement héritier de la période des Trente Glorieuses. Celle-ci a vu naître les zones industrialo-portuaires, initiées, gérées, exploitées par l'État au travers ...

Legacies from the Glorious Thirty still contribute to shape French industrial and logistic port spaces to a large extent, from morphological, economic and institutional point of views. During this period, maritime industrial development areas have been created. There were managed and operated by the state, through dedicated public bodies named ports autonomes. The globalization of the maritime industry and the liberalization of the port sector which started during the 1980s have unsettled this system. These two tendencies have led to the adoption of the "landlord port" management model by main ports worldwide. In this model, port operation is conducted by private enterprises while public port management entities (or port authorities) focus on planning, developing and managing land in the port area. In France, this transition occurred with the port reform of 2008, through which ports autonomes became grands ports maritimes. This PhD research aims at understanding the effects of these changes on port land planning, development and management, through the analysis of the practices of the port authorities of French main seaports. The latter are still under the control of the state, but their autonomy and their competencies have been enlarged. While they traditionally focus on the construction and the maintaining of port infrastructures, their interventions tend to spread in space and to diversify. The trajectory of port space management and development echoes that of other infrastructural spaces (rail or airport spaces). This work contributes to shed light on the continuities and ruptures of state intervention in territorial planning and development in the last decades. ; L'espace portuaire industriel et logistique français est largement héritier de la période des Trente Glorieuses. Celle-ci a vu naître les zones industrialo-portuaires, initiées, gérées, exploitées par l'État au travers d'établissements dédiés, les ports autonomes. Ce système est déstabilisé par la globalisation de l'industrie maritime et la libéralisation du secteur portuaire, entamées dans les années 1980. Ces deux tendances participent à la diffusion à l'échelle mondiale du modèle de gestion dit landlord port, selon lequel l'exploitation portuaire est confiée à des opérateurs privés. Les entités publiques gestionnaires de ports (ou autorités portuaires) voient quant à elles leur champ d'action recentré autour de l'aménagement et de la gestion de leur domaine. En France, la réforme portuaire de 2008 sanctionne cette transition; les grands ports maritimes se substituent aux ports autonomes. Cette thèse appréhende les effets de ces mutations sur la production et la gestion de l'espace portuaire, saisies à partir des pratiques des autorités portuaires des grands ports français. Tout en restant placées sous le contrôle de l'État, celles-ci voient leur autonomie et leurs compétences s'élargir. Il en découle un déploiement spatial et une diversification de leurs interventions, traditionnellement centrées sur la construction et l'entretien des infrastructures portuaires. La trajectoire de l'aménagement portuaire fait écho à celle d'autres espaces infrastructurels (ferroviaires, aéroportuaires). Elle met en lumière les continuités et les ruptures qui marquent l'action de l'État au cours des dernières décennies dans l'aménagement du territoire.

Legacies from the Glorious Thirty still contribute to shape French industrial and logistic port spaces to a large extent, from morphological, economic and institutional point of views. During this period, maritime industrial development areas have been created. They were managed and operated by the state, through dedicated public bodies named ports autonomes. The globalization of the maritime industry and the liberalization of the port sector which started during the 1980s have unsettled this system. These two tendencies have led to the adoption of the "landlord port" management model by main ports worldwide. In this model, port operation is conducted by private enterprises while public port management entities (or port authorities) focus on planning, developing and managing land in the port area. In France, this transition occurred with the port reform of 2008, through which ports autonomes became grands ports maritimes.This PhD research aims at understanding the effects of these changes on port land planning, development and management, through the analysis of the practices of the port authorities of French main seaports. The latter are still under the control of the state, but their autonomy and their competencies have been enlarged. While they traditionally focus on the construction and the maintaining of port infrastructures, their interventions tend to spread in space and to diversify. The trajectory of port space management and development echoes that of other infrastructural spaces (rail or airport spaces). This work is related to academic literature on planning, and it contributes to shed light on the continuities and ruptures of state intervention in territorial planning and development in the last decades. ; Dans ses caractéristiques morphologiques, économiques et institutionnelles, l'espace portuaire industriel et logistique français est largement héritier de la période des Trente Glorieuses. Celle-ci a vu naître les zones industrialo-portuaires, initiées, gérées, exploitées par l'État au travers ...

Legacies from the Glorious Thirty still contribute to shape French industrial and logistic port spaces to a large extent, from morphological, economic and institutional point of views. During this period, maritime industrial development areas have been created. They were managed and operated by the state, through dedicated public bodies named ports autonomes. The globalization of the maritime industry and the liberalization of the port sector which started during the 1980s have unsettled this system. These two tendencies have led to the adoption of the "landlord port" management model by main ports worldwide. In this model, port operation is conducted by private enterprises while public port management entities (or port authorities) focus on planning, developing and managing land in the port area. In France, this transition occurred with the port reform of 2008, through which ports autonomes became grands ports maritimes.This PhD research aims at understanding the effects of these changes on port land planning, development and management, through the analysis of the practices of the port authorities of French main seaports. The latter are still under the control of the state, but their autonomy and their competencies have been enlarged. While they traditionally focus on the construction and the maintaining of port infrastructures, their interventions tend to spread in space and to diversify. The trajectory of port space management and development echoes that of other infrastructural spaces (rail or airport spaces). This work is related to academic literature on planning, and it contributes to shed light on the continuities and ruptures of state intervention in territorial planning and development in the last decades. ; Dans ses caractéristiques morphologiques, économiques et institutionnelles, l'espace portuaire industriel et logistique français est largement héritier de la période des Trente Glorieuses. Celle-ci a vu naître les zones industrialo-portuaires, initiées, gérées, exploitées par l'État au travers ...

Legacies from the Glorious Thirty still contribute to shape French industrial and logistic port spaces to a large extent, from morphological, economic and institutional point of views. During this period, maritime industrial development areas have been created. There were managed and operated by the state, through dedicated public bodies named ports autonomes. The globalization of the maritime industry and the liberalization of the port sector which started during the 1980s have unsettled this system. These two tendencies have led to the adoption of the "landlord port" management model by main ports worldwide. In this model, port operation is conducted by private enterprises while public port management entities (or port authorities) focus on planning, developing and managing land in the port area. In France, this transition occurred with the port reform of 2008, through which ports autonomes became grands ports maritimes. This PhD research aims at understanding the effects of these changes on port land planning, development and management, through the analysis of the practices of the port authorities of French main seaports. The latter are still under the control of the state, but their autonomy and their competencies have been enlarged. While they traditionally focus on the construction and the maintaining of port infrastructures, their interventions tend to spread in space and to diversify. The trajectory of port space management and development echoes that of other infrastructural spaces (rail or airport spaces). This work contributes to shed light on the continuities and ruptures of state intervention in territorial planning and development in the last decades. ; L'espace portuaire industriel et logistique français est largement héritier de la période des Trente Glorieuses. Celle-ci a vu naître les zones industrialo-portuaires, initiées, gérées, exploitées par l'État au travers d'établissements dédiés, les ports autonomes. Ce système est déstabilisé par la globalisation de l'industrie maritime et la ...

Legacies from the Glorious Thirty still contribute to shape French industrial and logistic port spaces to a large extent, from morphological, economic and institutional point of views. During this period, maritime industrial development areas have been created. They were managed and operated by the state, through dedicated public bodies named ports autonomes. The globalization of the maritime industry and the liberalization of the port sector which started during the 1980s have unsettled this system. These two tendencies have led to the adoption of the "landlord port" management model by main ports worldwide. In this model, port operation is conducted by private enterprises while public port management entities (or port authorities) focus on planning, developing and managing land in the port area. In France, this transition occurred with the port reform of 2008, through which ports autonomes became grands ports maritimes.This PhD research aims at understanding the effects of these changes on port land planning, development and management, through the analysis of the practices of the port authorities of French main seaports. The latter are still under the control of the state, but their autonomy and their competencies have been enlarged. While they traditionally focus on the construction and the maintaining of port infrastructures, their interventions tend to spread in space and to diversify. The trajectory of port space management and development echoes that of other infrastructural spaces (rail or airport spaces). This work is related to academic literature on planning, and it contributes to shed light on the continuities and ruptures of state intervention in territorial planning and development in the last decades. ; Dans ses caractéristiques morphologiques, économiques et institutionnelles, l'espace portuaire industriel et logistique français est largement héritier de la période des Trente Glorieuses. Celle-ci a vu naître les zones industrialo-portuaires, initiées, gérées, exploitées par l'État au travers ...

Legacies from the Glorious Thirty still contribute to shape French industrial and logistic port spaces to a large extent, from morphological, economic and institutional point of views. During this period, maritime industrial development areas have been created. They were managed and operated by the state, through dedicated public bodies named ports autonomes. The globalization of the maritime industry and the liberalization of the port sector which started during the 1980s have unsettled this system. These two tendencies have led to the adoption of the "landlord port" management model by main ports worldwide. In this model, port operation is conducted by private enterprises while public port management entities (or port authorities) focus on planning, developing and managing land in the port area. In France, this transition occurred with the port reform of 2008, through which ports autonomes became grands ports maritimes.This PhD research aims at understanding the effects of these changes on port land planning, development and management, through the analysis of the practices of the port authorities of French main seaports. The latter are still under the control of the state, but their autonomy and their competencies have been enlarged. While they traditionally focus on the construction and the maintaining of port infrastructures, their interventions tend to spread in space and to diversify. The trajectory of port space management and development echoes that of other infrastructural spaces (rail or airport spaces). This work is related to academic literature on planning, and it contributes to shed light on the continuities and ruptures of state intervention in territorial planning and development in the last decades. ; Dans ses caractéristiques morphologiques, économiques et institutionnelles, l'espace portuaire industriel et logistique français est largement héritier de la période des Trente Glorieuses. Celle-ci a vu naître les zones industrialo-portuaires, initiées, gérées, exploitées par l'État au travers ...

AbstractThis article traces the creative reconstitution of the Canada‐UK wheat‐bread commodity chain since the 1990s. In the mid‐1990s, the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) and a British bakery, Warburtons, pioneered an innovative identity‐preserved sourcing relationship that ties contracted prairie wheat growers to consumers of premium bread in the United Kingdom. The CWB‐Warburtons contract is emblematic of the increasing importance of quality claims, traceability, and private standards in the reorganization of agrifood supply chains. Yet the case is unique in two important ways. First, in the context of supermarket leadership in the coordination of quality chains, the program was established by two unlikely actors—a state marketing agency and a branded food manufacturer. Second, the quality chain centers on a semifresh, manufactured food staple (bread), whereas most quality chains are organized around fresh produce, meat, and dairy products. The CWB‐Warburtons story thus provides evidence of diversity and complexity in the shift toward the supermarket‐driven "economy of qualities." I interpret these changes by locating them in broader processes of historical change. Led by the CWB and Warburtons, the shift toward quality in commodity chains for wheat bread is reconfiguring relations among key social actors in the prairie wheat economy as well as the UK bread market.