In: In Beate Sjåfjell and Christopher M. Bruner (eds), Cambridge Handbook of Corporate Law, Corporate Governance and Sustainability (Cambridge University Press, 2019), Chapter 20.
A company represents a community that gathers diverse interests and, in that respect, it is a favourable environment to study conflicts of interests. For a long time, the law has punished company executives who have favoured their personal interest to the detriment of the company's interest. The multiplication of conflict situations, which are often difficult to diagnose, has recently led to a useful addition to positive law with recommendations that favour prevention and transparency, in particular through declarations of interests. Questions remain, though, about the efficiency of such declarations. Adapted from the source document.
France has long-established procedures for approved consumer organizations bringing actions to defend general consumer or investor interests, involving injunctive relief, but debate on the introduction of collective damages actions has yet to resolve into reform. Traditional principles oppose an opt-out approach. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]