Suchergebnisse

Although old, the debate on whether government's intervention in economic activities can stimulate economic growth once again rose within the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. They have passed a harsh transition process, pressed on by the intention to join the EU, which involved accelerating the degree of economic freedom and fostering growth, respectively. Despite meaningful progresses, these countries have still a lot left to do in order to strengthen a solid legal system that is able to guarantee a liberal economic system, protected from political influence.

This paper aims to consider two tendencies in economy simultaneously: internal
integration within the country and localization of economic activities. Firstly, we examine
the quantitative measurement of internal economic integration in Romania. Different
methods of economic integration measuring have been developed over time, so we have
defined and discussed three approaches. To estimate a level of internal integration the link
between the region's share in the total output and production factors was estimated and
the pattern of distribution of these shares among the regions of Romania was assessed.
The calculations have underlined an increasing tendency to deepen the internal economic
integration of the Romanian economy. Secondly, the analysis of spatial distribution of
economic activity has demonstrated that the capital region Bucharest-Ilfov concentrates the
biggest share of employment and production. This indicates that initially there were higher
economic activities and a labor deficit has been created, which was later covered by
moving employees from other regions. As a result, the capital region concentrates 14.35%
of the civil economically active population and 26.78% of the regional gross domestic
product in 2014. By computing the location coefficient, we have observed that the counties
with the biggest shares in the total GDP are characterized by a higher level of
specialization simultaneously in many sectors.

This paper provides a critical analysis of the strategic trade policy, in terms of limitations and difficulties involved in its implementation. Even there are many arguments used by its supporters for justifying the importance of this type of measures, it is impossible for the state to formulate useful interventionist policies, given the empirical difficulties involved in modeling markets with imperfect competition. Also, any potential gain created by government intervention can dissipate through the entry of new firms, stimulated by the possibility of such profits, while the need of a general equilibrium increases the difficulty of interventionist process. There are also some risks induced by using strategic trade policy, the risk of retaliation and a trade war with the country affected by the measure and the diversion of government intervention by certain interests, transforming it into an inefficient income redistribution national program.

The concept of globalization refers to the growing interdependence of countries, resulting from the increasing integration of trade, finance, investments, labor markets and ideas in one globalmarketplace. The most important elements of this process are the international trade and the cross-border investment flows. Economic globalization has increased the specialization of workers, while the companies compete in global markets. Even globalization has recently become a common topic in academic discourse, many economists focused, from the 1980s and 1990s, in addition to globalization, on regionalization - the growth of networks of interdependence within multinational regions of the world. The recent decades arecharacterized by the fact that the world trade grew faster than world output, which implies that an increasing share of world GDP crosses international borders. The trend is explained, mostly, by thesubstantially declining of the trade barriers during the same period, as a result of successive trade negotiation rounds under the auspices of the GATT/WTO, unilateral trade liberalization and regional tradeagreements. Even there are global connections between all the countries, the strongest political and economic integration is being created within a few specific regions of the world: Europe, North America and East Asia.

In the European Union countries and neighboring regions, the expansion will produce a redistribution of the labour force between industries and countries. After the Romania's adhesion to theEuropean Union, the need for an increased productivity, the lack of capital, the competition on the EU market and the low wages have concurred to the intensification of the migration process of the labour force, especially to the West European countries. As example, from over two millions of Romanians working abroad (almost 10 % from total population), 40% have chosen to work in Italy, 18% in Spain, 5% in Germany. In this context, the questions that appear refer to the following issues: Does a real possibility exist for the emigrants to join the active population of the destination country and being employed according to their competences? How many Romanians citizens continue to stay in a foreign country if their job is not proper with their professional skills? Which countries in European Union apply discriminations on its labour market? Do European Countries usually admit Romanian employees temporarily and expect them to leave in short time if they can't find a proper job? Which are the socio-economic effects of labour mobility on the Common Market of EU? Which are the forecasts concerning the labour mobility in the next years?In our paper, we try to answer these questions and we also intend to make a comparative analysis concerning - what we consider - some of the most important challenges occurred in Romania's economy inthe context of the mentioned migration process: the adoption of an economic growth model based on the increase of the employed population, the diminution of the discrepancies between our country labour market and the EU target established through Lisbon Strategy, the creation of a new structure of occupation with support in productivity growth and labour price.

This paper reports the findings of a study investigating higher education institutions (HEIs) in Romania and the motivations lying behind the decision of undertaking professional mobilities in academia. Although professional mobilities are known to be a frequent practice in various fields of activity, the teaching and research mobilities of academics distinguish themselves among the mobilities of all sectors, deserving a special attention. In this context, our study investigated the incentives and deterrents of undertaking academic mobilities in Romanian HEIs. It divided the determinants of undertaking mobilities into those leading to mobilities and the others slowing them down. Results have shown that the desire of expanding professional experience has the highest influence on teaching and research staff's decision to undertake a mobility, while insufficient funding explains mobilities drop-off, as it is the factor of highest influence on people's decision of not undertaking mobilities. The study also analysed the mobility post factum implications for the academic community. The development of research networks and career enrichment were the main benefits of academic mobilities indicated by study results. In this sense, most study participants reported that they developed their network to do research during the mobilities and they have also managed to enrich their professional careers thanks to these mobilities.