Suchergebnisse

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the choice of employment sector for women is driven by the structure of the labour market or determined by the household socioeconomic condition.


Design/methodology/approach
Data for the study were drawn from the National Sample Survey 68th round (2011–2012). The sector of employment was assessed through females' participation as an unpaid labour, employer/own account worker, informal wage worker, formal wage worker and unemployed. A multinomial logit model was used to examine the factors that determine the sector of employment.


Findings
Although education increases formal employment among women, most of them are unemployed or entering into informal employment. It indicates that the labour market has not been able to integrate educated women into formal employment.


Research limitations/implications
Increase in female education accompanied by a slow growth of employment creates the challenge to accommodate the educated and skilled women in formal employment.


Originality/value
This study examines the factors determining the sectoral participation of employment to assess the responses of the current labour market for the females, especially educated females who have not been adequately addressed. The findings of the study have significant implications for formulating appropriate labour market policies for the educated female labour force.

1. Newborn Health: An Introduction -- 2.Determinants of Newborn Survival in India -- 3. Neonatal Mortality in Bihar: Critical Reflections -- 4. Access barriers to Antenatal Care and Facility Delivery -- 5. Quality of Care at Public Health Institutions: Identifying Gaps -- 6.Newborn Care Practices and Barriers to Utilisation of Services -- 7. Access to Sick Newborn Care Services: Efficiency, Adequacy, and Equity -- 8. Direct Benefit Transfer and Newborn Health -- Conclusion & Way forward.

This book offers a comprehensive study of the complexities of newborn survival in resource-poor regions, using the state of Bihar (India) as a case study. It provides important lessons for other low-performing countries, in similar socioeconomic contexts, where newborn survival is a major challenge. The volume opens with a brief account of the trends and regional variations in neonatal mortality. The empirical verification of socio-cultural, economic and health system barriers and the state interventions that affect newborn survival are subsequently explored. Innovative strategies are then proposed to scale up maternal newborn and child health (MNCH) services and improve neonatal health outcomes. Addressing this issue through appropriate policy action is essential to achieving Sustainable Development Goal-3, "Good Health and Well-being". This book will therefore appeal to public health scholars, professionals and policymakers interested in improving outcomes in low-income regions. Sandhya R. Mahapatro is Assistant professor, Economics, A. N. Sinha Institute of Social Studies, Patna, India. Her research focus is on health economics, migration and gender issues. Her pursuit of understanding health problems in resource-poor states led her to undertake a study on newborn survival in Bihar, India.

Little is known about the factors that determine the remittance behaviour of migrants in India. With socioeconomic transformations, the gradual change in female migration patterns for economic reasons also signifies their contribution to household well-being. Using the National Sample Survey (2007–2008) data and applying the Heckman's two-stage procedure, this paper examines, separately, key determinants that influence the remittance behaviour of male and female migrants. Empirical estimates reveal that among various factors, monthly per capita expenditure, distance from origin, and duration of stay at destination are important predictors of remittance behaviour. These determinants of remittance highlight that migrants retain strong economic links with origin families not only to provide economic support but also for social ties. The findings provide support of contractual motive of remitting and suggest remittances are more effective in promoting development. Further, gender differences in remittance behaviour are observed for household size, occupational and educational level of the migrant.

Health equity is of particular concern in the Indian context in the light of widening economic inequality and healthcare reforms which have wider ramifications on healthcare access. Despite various programs and interventions, a wide gap in health condition is observed in society among different castes, groups and income-classes. In this article, the inequality in healthcare access is studied at the cross-section of gender (man and women) and social groups—Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe (SC-ST), Other backward classes (OBC) and Others—and an attempt has been made to explore how much the women from SC-ST community are deprived of healthcare access in comparison to other gender-group intersections. To proceed with analysis, data on 'National Sample Survey (NSS), 75th Round (2017–2018) on Health Consumptions' are taken. Analyses are carried on in SPSS Ver.18 and Stata-16. Regression Analysis shows that women from SC-ST are 1.37 times more likely to non-access to healthcare services than men from the general category. Further, to measure the intensity of inequality in healthcare access, Wagstaff's Concentration Index (CI) is calculated at –0.195 that shows income-related inequality highly persists among the poor. At last, the decomposition analysis of CI reveals that gender, income and social groups are some of the major contributory factors to CI, that is, health inequality. The results indicate despite the mandate of universal healthcare access, India is lagging in achieving equity in healthcare as the poor and marginalized are deprived of it.

Purpose
Changing demographic trends in India have resulted in a growing ageing population, and this poses many health challenges for older people. Lack of formal care institutions and social security nets further aggravate the situation. Living arrangements are, thus, expected to play a significant role in determining the healthcare needs of older people. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association of living arrangements with health among older people in India.


Design/methodology/approach
Data for the study were drawn from the Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India (2011). The health status of older people was measured by assessing chronic illness, self-rated health and limitations in activities of daily living. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of living arrangements on health outcomes. Further, a structural equation model was employed to observe whether poor health preceded co-residence.


Findings
Older people living in co-residential arrangements report more health disadvantages and older people with poor health prefer co-residence with their offspring. Perhaps the support, care and health awareness in co-residential arrangements helps older people obtain the healthcare interventions they require for the various illnesses they have had, and enable them to improve their ongoing health status.


Originality/value
The present study has extended the research on the relationship between health and living arrangements, and has also addressed the case of older people with poor health who prefer to stay in co-residential arrangements which has been taken up by limited studies.

This book tracks the progress of maternal and child health (MCH)--part of SDG3--in empowered action group states in India. It lays bare regional disparities and unfolds a range of issues relating to inequalities in access to MCH services, complex dynamics behind poor nutrition, health expenditure and impoverishment, structural bottlenecks of health system that hinder effective implementation of programmes; best practices adopted for improving MNCH indicators and appropriate strategies required for more informed policy. The volume: Examines the changing features of health and nutrition of mothers, new-borns and children between pre and post National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Studies reproductive health and well-being of mother and children Explores linkages between food, nutrition and health Examines the underlying factors determining poor health and nutrition Probes into health expenditure, their impoverishment and its bearing on access to maternal and child healthcare services Proposes strategic interventions to reduce maternal, neonatal and child mortality and improve nutritional status The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of public health, especially maternal and child health specialists, gender studies, development studies and public policy.