Suchergebnisse

Reservation is indeed the process of setting aside a certain percentage of seats vacancies in educational institutions, government institutions and legislative institutions for the members of weaker sections in a pluralistic society like India. At the national level, the reservation policy originated in the form of Montague-Chelmsford Reform (1919). In 1925 the British Government decided to earmark certain quota in Government jobs for minority communities. The Indian Government implemented reservation policy in 1950. The Supreme Court has favored the combi¬nation of social and economic criteria for extending the benefit of reservation to the weaker sections of India. There is a reservation of 15 per cent for the, scheduled castes and 7.5 per cent for the scheduled tribes in the matter of admission in all the educational institutions. The reservation of 12½ per cent for scheduled castes and 5 per cent for scheduled tribes continued after the coming into force of the Constitution of India. Reservations have also been provided in posts filled by promotion. The benefit of reservation in various posts and services under the Central or State Government has not been derived uniformly by all the SC/ST communities. Articles 330, 332 and 334 provide for reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies for a period of ten years after the commencement of the Constitution of India.

India is the second largest country of the world after and it has got roughly constitute 25 per cent of its total population scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The Constitution of India provides for a number of safeguards for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes which are of its unique features. The main objective of these safeguards was to level up, socially and economically backward classes, particularly the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in as short time as possible. All these safeguards have, apparently, been provided to facilitate the implementation of the Directive Principle contained in Article 46 of the Constitution. The scholars and advocates have strongly advocated the need for protective discrimination as well as affirmative action. The Central and State Governments have also launched several welfare and developmental programs to fulfill the constitutional obligations in free India in order to make SC/ST communities catch up other sections of Indian society in the race for social, economic, political and cultural progress. The dream of establishment of welfare society cannot be actualized if the constitutional provisions are not implemented by all the stakeholders of social justice and economic equity.

In the new millennium social media have emerged as the most popular media of communication. There are several factors which have contributed to this rapid growth and development of social media. Prominent among them include technological factors (increased broadband availability, the improvement of software tools and the development of more powerful computers and mobile devices), social factors (rapid uptake of social media by younger age groups), economic factors (increasing affordability of computers and software and growing commercial interest the social media sites) and political factors (increasing political mobilization and several political changes across the world). The world has witnessed a shift in the focus of Web applications towards social interaction, collaboration and networking. This development has also influenced education. The present article amplifies the history of social media on the basis of qualitative research method.

India is in the forefront with respect to sustainable development of knowledge system through formal and informal exercises. The mass media in India have continued to ignore the socially and economically oppressed sections. Ambedkar emphasized that there is no genetic discrimination inflicted by Divinity on the SC/ST and other weaker sections of the society. Ambedkar advocated that the uplift of people in India should take place on the basis of equality and humanism. Ambedkar called upon the Government to achieve genuine progress by weeding out self-centered and nation destroying forces. Ambedkar was highly critical about the media contents and skeptical about their outcome. He strongly argued for the abolition of caste system in India and emulated the thoughts and deeds of Buddha and Kabir in integrating the people of India since they were guided by reason and right kind of thinking about the betterment of the deprived sections of society. Ambedkar�s writings duly emphasized the importance of education, agitation and organization which were the principal tools of social justice, economic uplift and political democracy for the oppressed classes in India. While most of the communicators of his times did their best to champion the cause of the haves, Ambedkar put forth his best efforts to champion the cause of the have nots. The basic message of his works is that control of minds by some powerful individuals, press and other media is bad as such control retards movement. He felt that mind control by mass media and drug is the awesome reality. His name will remain ever green in the history of mankind as a symbol of revolt and champion of the downtrodden communities

The right to information is implicitly guaranteed by the Constitution but the public authorities denied access to information in the name of official secrets. The Indian Parliament enacted the Right to Information Act, 2005 with a view to set out a practical regime for securing information in the country. Most radical provision of the Act is that the information seekers need not to give any reason for it or prove his locus stand. Good governance requires that civil society has the opportunity to participate during the formulation of development strategies and that directly affected communities and groups should be able to participate in the design and implementation of programmes and projects. The national and regional judicial fora too have recognized the importance of right to information which offers several advantages to the mankind. Jurists have also upheld that right to information is a key livelihood and development issue. The courts have also enlightened the policy makers and administrators about the relevance of right to information from social justice and economic development points of view in India. The courts have clearly pointed out that in a government of responsibility like India people have a right to decide by whom and by what rules they shall be governed. The people are also entitled to call on those who govern on their behalf to account for their conduct. The courts have also emphasized the need for enabling the people to have access to information regarding disputes and legal proceedings. The courts have observed that the people of this country have a right to know every public act, everything that is done in a public way, by their public functionaries.