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While globalization has accelerated the flow and interconnectedness of capital, goods, information, people, and technology, it has also intensified disconnection, exclusion, and marginalization. Much research has been undertaken on this subject, aimed primarily at providing the bases for the policies for eradication of the exclusionary process of globalization. This paper, based on secondary data, seeks to add to this body of knowledge by addressing the following issues. First, it tries to explain the concept of globalization and how it has affected India. Also, it highlights how the exclusionary processes associated with globalization have provided ways for social exclusion. The data used in this paper are extracted from the carefully selected literature on the subject. It has examined the link between globalization and the exclusion of marginalized sections in India. The findings of this paper show how globalization touches upon issues of well-being and social justice. In the process of globalization-driven development, marginalized sections have paid their toll in the form of their land, livelihood, culture, knowledge, and other resources. In the name of development, governments have put the lives of these groups at stake, especially tribals. This study recommends a few measures to minimize the widening gap between the weaker and the dominants that would be helpful for policymakers in minimizing the exclusionary practices led by globalization towards the marginalized sections.

Human trafficking is a global evil that snatches freedom from millions of people worldwide to make money. It is a multi-billion-dollar industry affecting the lives of vulnerable – such as women, children, and the poor. Human trafficking, in its various ways, affects almost every country of the world, said the United Nations; and India is not an exception to it. Despite having rich legislation to combat the problem, human trafficking remains a significant issue in India. This paper is a study about the potential purposes of human trafficking with a detailed discussion on anti-human trafficking laws in India. While addressing the causes of failure of these laws at implementation level, some suggestions has also been provided in concluding part of the paper ; Human trafficking is a global evil that snatches freedom from millions of people worldwide to make money. It is a multi-billion-dollar industry affecting the lives of vulnerable – such as women, children, and the poor. Human trafficking, in its various ways, affects almost every country of the world, said the United Nations; and India is not an exception to it. Despite having rich legislation to combat the problem, human trafficking remains a significant issue in India. This paper is a study about the potential purposes of human trafficking with a detailed discussion on anti-human trafficking laws in India. While addressing the causes of failure of these laws at implementation level, some suggestions has also been provided in concluding part of the paper

PurposePrimarily, this research aims to examine how and when firm-level corporate social responsibility (CSR) translates into individual-level attitudes and behaviors of employees under cross-level boundary conditions of firm-level family ownership (FO) and group-level ethical leadership.Design/methodology/approachPhilosophically, the present research comes under the post-positivist paradigm, with a deductive approach. The multilevel, multisource and multimethod data for this research were collected by employing a time-lagged design through the survey strategy and from annual reports of 60 manufacturing firms in Pakistan. The multilevel path analysis was conducted using MPlus.FindingsThe authors found that organizational identification (OID) statistically and significantly mediates the impact of firms' CSR disclosure on employees' innovative job performance (EIJP). However, the partial mediation of OID between firm-level CSR perception and EIJP was noticed. Moreover, a firm-level contingency of FO and group-level ethical leadership further intensifies the impact of CSR disclosure and perception on EIJP through OID.Research limitations/implicationsTheoretically, this research widens the current understanding of employees' reactions to firms' CSR disclosure and perception by investigating the contingencies of firm-level FO and group-level ethical leadership. Practically, the managers can consider the underlying framework presented in this research in defining CSR as the antecedent of the OID and EIJP. For example, organizations must deliberately concentrate on not only their CSR initiatives and engagements but also immense attentiveness should be given to CSR disclosure because disclosing CSR will assist the top management in achieving the desired workplace attitudes and behaviors of employees. This research will also help business leaders to understand the integration of CSR and ethical leadership while making CSR-related strategic decisions.Originality/valueExisting research on CSR still needs advancement due to competing explanations, inconsistencies in the findings, and a lack of multilevel studies. Although few studies on CSR have considered multilevel aspects by devising and testing multilevel mechanisms but largely remained deficient concerning cross-level boundary conditions. Furthermore, the authors also noticed that the academic literature predominantly analyses the impact of perceived CSR either at the individual level or the firm aggregated level on employee attitudes and behaviors. However, research on the effect of organizational CSR disclosure on the behaviors and attitudes of employees remains scarce.

The reconciliation of economy and environment is a key factor in achieving sustainability.The European Union wishes to achieve the sustainability of its agriculture in order to produce high quality food materials and to manage energy crisis and the risks related to climate and market fluctuations. These risks can be mitigated by reducing negative impacts of agricultural activities on the environment. Therefore, this study was designed to derive and promote the potential tools to increase the land area under grain legumes in Midi-Pyrenees region (France) where it currently stands at only 1 to 3%. For this purpose modeling chain APES-FSSIM Indicator was used to assess different alternative scenarios of proposition of new grain legumes based cereals rotations, provision of higher premium on grain legumes, increase in sale price and yield of grain legumes, reduction in price and yield variability of grain legumes and combination of all these scenarios. Results showed that alternative scenario of provision of more premiums on grain legumes was more efficient in increasing the grain legume area than other alternative scenarios, but this would require a level of subsidies much higher than the currentcrop-specific subsidies in EU. However, in case of combination of all these scenarios, the increase in grain legumes area was maximum for all three selected farms from the study area. In addition farm income was increased by 11 to 26% and energy consumption was decreased by 4 to 9% for the selected farms. It is concluded that grain legumes area in Midi-Pyrenees farming systems can be increased by following the above mentioned alternative strategies.

International audience ; Cropping system models are widely used tools for simulating the growth and development of crops at field scale. However, it is often difficult to satisfy their detailed input and output data requirements for a proper evaluation of model. In this study, expert knowledge data were used as alternative source to fulfill these data requirements. The model was first calibrated for major crops of the studied area and then evaluated for the same crops by using expert knowledge data. Results showed that the model accurately simulated above-ground biomass and grain yield with a relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 20 and 17%, respectively. On the other hand, simulated results were less satisfactory for N uptake and cumulated evapotranspiration with RRMSE of 27% and 31%, respectively. The model simulated cumulative variables more accurately than dynamic variables. The results of this study suggest that expert knowledge can be used to get data for intermediate variables rarely measured in experiments used for calibration (green LAI, actual evapotranspiration, rooting depth) in typical crop management conditions in the region. This approach enables a global and dynamic evaluation of cropping system models when experimental data is unavailable for large heterogeneous areas in a region.

International audience ; Cropping system models are widely used tools for simulating the growth and development of crops at field scale. However, it is often difficult to satisfy their detailed input and output data requirements for a proper evaluation of model. In this study, expert knowledge data were used as alternative source to fulfill these data requirements. The model was first calibrated for major crops of the studied area and then evaluated for the same crops by using expert knowledge data. Results showed that the model accurately simulated above-ground biomass and grain yield with a relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 20 and 17%, respectively. On the other hand, simulated results were less satisfactory for N uptake and cumulated evapotranspiration with RRMSE of 27% and 31%, respectively. The model simulated cumulative variables more accurately than dynamic variables. The results of this study suggest that expert knowledge can be used to get data for intermediate variables rarely measured in experiments used for calibration (green LAI, actual evapotranspiration, rooting depth) in typical crop management conditions in the region. This approach enables a global and dynamic evaluation of cropping system models when experimental data is unavailable for large heterogeneous areas in a region.