IN INDIA THE QUESTION OF MEDIUM IN HIGHER EDUCATION HAS BEEN COMPLICATED DUE TO REGIONAL, LINGUISTIC, AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY. RAPID SWITCH-OVER FROM ENGLISH TO HINDI AND THE REGIONAL LANGUAGES HAS RESULTED IN THE BALKAN IZATION OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM. A SOUND NATIONAL LANGUAGE POLICY REQUIRES A DUAL MEDIUM OF THE REGIONAL LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH AS THE LINK IN HIGHER EDUCATION.
The purpose of aid is to effect a real transfer of resources from the developed countries to the developing ones. Aid can be given through a number of arrangements which differ from one donor country to another. The three main variables that influence the terms of aid are the interest rate, the grace period and the repayment period. Another factor that may influence these terms is the possibility that the loan may be repayable in local instead of convertible currency; if this is so, then the grant element of the loan increases.1 However, this possibility is ignored when calculating the grant element in this paper as it occurs infrequently in repayment agreements.
Ensuring the survival and well being of children is a concern of families, communities and nations throughout the world. Since the turn of the 20th century infant and child mortality in more developed countries has steadily declined and, currently, has been reduced to almost minimal levels. In contrast, although infant and child mortality has declined in the past three decades in most less developed countries, the pace of change and the magnitude of improvement vary considerably from one country to another. The inverse relationship between socio-economic variables of the parents and infant and child mortality is well established by several studies [Muhuri (1995); Forste (1994); Hobcraft, et al. (1984); Caldwell (1979); Sathar (1985, 1987)] and it holds true irrespective of the overall level of mortality in the national populations [Ruzicka (1989)]. The influence of parental education on infant and child health and mortality has proved to be universally significant [Bicego and Boerma (1993); Caldwell, et al. (1990)]. The father's education, mother's education and their work status each have independent effects upon child survival in developing countries [Sandiford, et al. (1995); Forste (1994); Caldwell, et al. (1983)]. Economic conditions of the household also help in explaining the variation in infant and child mortality. The nature of housing, diet, access to and availability of water and sanitary conditions as well as medical attention all depend on the economic conditions of the household. For example, poor families may reside in crowded, unhygienic housing and, thus, suffer from infectious disease associated with inadequate and contaminated water supplies and with poor sanitation [Esrey and Habicht (1986)].
Ensuring the survival and well being of children is a concern of families, communities, and nations throughout the world. Since the turn of the 20th century infant and child mortality in more developed countries has steadily declined and, currently, has been reduced to almost minimal levels. In contrast, although infant and child mortality has declined in the past three decades in most less developed countries, the pace of change and the magnitude of improvement vary considerably from one country to another. Children are at risk of both mortality and morbidity. The problem of malnutrition is widespread in developing countries and particularly severe in South Asian countries, where almost fifty percent of the undernourished children of the world live [Carlson and Wardlaw (1990)]. Rural populations are especially prone to malnutrition because they are more likely to be poor [Tinger (1998)]. The analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 19 developing countries shows that children living in rural areas are more likely to be malnourished [Sommerfelt and Stewart (1994)].
The current research focused on the detection of Salmonella typhi and its relationship with the formation of gallstone and gall bladder cancer. Samples were collected from patients aged between 32-67 years (males and females) in Mosul city hospitals. The samples included 30gallbladder fresh tissues from patients suffering from gallstone and 20 formalinfixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) gallbladder tissue from patients confirmed with gallbladder cancer. The results showed that 33% S. typhi isolates were diagnosed from the tissue samples using conventional methods, biochemical tests and Vitek2. All fresh tissues samples gave positive PCR results for the presence of FliC-d and CdtB genes and 46% positivity for S. typhi compared with conventional methods, 64% for females, 35% for males and 40 % positive in the gallbladder cancer of which 62% were females and 37%males.
The subject of the present research is concerned with bordering perspective in Graham Greene's short stories: Across the Bridge, and Two Gentle People. It applies the cultural ap-proach to the study of bordering. It is confined to the cultural studies that are remarkably incor-porated within the postcolonial criticism. Its relevance is to one of the prominent literary issues of the postcolonial criticism: the frontier. The politically, historically, and geographically oriented conceptions of bordering are eliminated from the discussion and application of the term of bor-dering.The study aims at shedding light on bordering perspective in Greene's two short stories: the cultural perspective. This perspective contributes to uncover two characteristics of the cultural difference: contradiction and contest. The study illuminates the role of difference in constructing the world image throughout the characters' bordering journey.This study exposes Greene's views of certain countries as he expresses his bordering per-spectives. In Across the Bridge, Greene shows two characters' attitudes to Mexico: Mr. Callo-way's attitude and the policeman's attitude. They express their depression of the miserable si-tuation of Mexico and their yearning to America.Alternatively, Greene presents a character inclined to other countries. In the first story, Two Gentle People, Henry Greaves is a character who is attached to life in France and India in spite of his British origin. He is fond of the old places of these countries. Henry would have a more meaningful time with a French woman called Marie-Claire than they may have had in the past years. Yet, the story underlies the different perspectives of these characters.To conclude, Greene presents two contrastive views of two countries which are geogra-phically, ethnically, culturally and linguistically different from each other: Mexico in one hand and India and France on the other. It reflects the character's alienatory feelings in the two stories. It sheds light on their humanistic angle of vision of the world through their experience of border crossing. ; B статье исследуется проблема культурных, этнических, психологических и государственных границ в рассказах Грэма Грина «Через мост» и «Два чувствительных сердца», которые раньше не рассматривались с этой точки зрения. B работе использованы методологические подходы и понятия работ Х. Доннана и В. Тарнера о границе вообще (как физической составляющей и видимой линии раздела между политически-ми, социальными и экономическими пространствами), а также Г. Гастона и К. Доннатта о культурнo-этнических и психологических границах в творчестве Грэма Грина в частности. Показано, что в рассказе «За мостом» писатель изобразил отношение протагониста Келлоуэя к Мексике с её нищенской жизнью и чуждой ему культурой и его тягу к американскому уровню жизни, от которой его отделяет лишь пограничный мост через реку. В рассказе «Два чувствительных сердца» изображены психологические барьеры, которые мешают англичанину Генри и француженке Мари-Клер соединить свои жизни. Использованные подходы и выводы открывают возможность их применения для дальнейшего изучения рассказов Грина. ; У статті досліджується проблема культурних, етнічних, психологічних та державних кордонів в опові-даннях Грема Гріна «Через міст» та «Два чутливих серця», оскільки ці оповідання не були об'єктом вивчен-ня з цієї точки зору. В дослідженні використано методологічні підходи та поняття праць Х. Доннана, В. Тарнер про кордони як такі (як фізичну складову й видиму лінію поділу між політичними, соціальними та економічними просторами) та Г. Гастона i K. Доннатта про кордони культурно-етнічнi й психологічні у твор-чості Грема Гріна зокрема. Показано, що в оповіданні «Через міст» письменник відобразив ставлення прота-гоніста панa Келлоуея до Mексики з її злиденним життям та його прагнення до американського рівня життя, від якого його відділяє лише міст-кордон через річку. В оповіданні «Два чутливих серця» зображено психо-логічні бар'єри, які заважають англійцю Генрі та француженці Марі-Клер поєднати їхні життя. Застосовані підходи й висновки відкривають можливість їхнього використання для подальшого вивчення інших опові-дань Г. Гріна.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), which results in the collapsing of the healthcare systems in several countries around the globe. Machine learning (ML) methods are one of the most utilized approaches in artificial intelligence (AI) to classify COVID-19 images. However, there are many machine-learning methods used to classify COVID-19. The question is: which machine learning method is best over multi-criteria evaluation? Therefore, this research presents benchmarking of COVID-19 machine learning methods, which is recognized as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In the recent century, the trend of developing different MCDM approaches has been raised based on different perspectives; however, the latest one, namely, the fuzzy decision by opinion score method that was produced in 2020, has efficiently been able to solve some existing issues that other methods could not manage to solve. because of the multiple criteria decision-making problem and because some criteria have a conflict problem. The methodology of this research was divided into two main stages. The first stage related to identifying the decision matrix used eight different ML methods on chest X-ray (CXR) images and extracted a new decision matrix so as to assess the ML methods. The second stage related to FDOSM was utilized to solve the multiple criteria decision-making problems. The results of this research are as follows: (1) The individual benchmarking results of three decision makers are nearly identical; however, among all the used ML methods, neural networks (NN) achieved the best results. (2) The results of the benchmarking group are comparable, and the neural network machine learning method is the best among the used methods. (3) The final rank is more logical and closest to the decision-makers' opinion. (4) Significant differences among groups' scores are shown by our validation results, which indicate the authenticity of our results. Finally, this research presents many benefits, especially for hospitals and medical clinics, with a view to speeding up the diagnosis of patients suffering from COVID-19 using the best machine learning method.
Background: Schools, colleges, and universities are the foundations of a successful sports program of a nation. A well-planned, school sports program is important for the success of every athlete. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the organizational issues (administrative responsibilities, communication with parents, political involvement, training time, human resources, technical resources, and material resources (equipment and facilities)) in the government girls' high school of district Layyah. Methods and Materials: The population of this research study contained all the female Principals and all the female PETs (Physical Education Teachers) during the academic year 2017 in the government girl high school of district Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. The entire population was 134 (67 Principals and 67 PETs) which is finite for the researcher and no need to take a sample. Results and Conclusion: The main finding of the study was that there is a significant effect of organizational issues upon sports programs at the government girls' high school level. Recommendation: The researcher recommended based on finding that organizational issues which affect the government girls high school sport should be minimized and the administration, parents, and politician may support the school sport and in addition to the politician may support the school sports not only financially but also provide skillful coaches who are cognizant with latest technologies and techniques.
