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The fast-paced growth of air transportation combined with the changes currently underway in society transformed the role of flight attendants from mere providers of comfort and safety to caring for the health needs of passengers. We have conducted a document-based research outlining flight attendants training practices concerning health care responsibility. The Brazilian legislation shows itself unclear and has failed in many cases to determine which authority should regulate and control such matters when it transferred powers from Department of Civil Aviation to National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil. Current trends in education focused on professional skills paves the way for a continuous learning model that is more efficient and compatible with the extended flight attendants' role in providing in-flight health-related care, which lays the way open for a more qualified training from an academic point of view.O comissário de voo e os cuidados à saúde: a formação profissional no Brasil RESUMO: A evolução vertiginosa do transporte aéreo, aliada às mudanças sociais da atualidade, ampliam a atuação do comissário de voo do provimento de conforto e segurança aos passageiros para o atendimento às necessidades de saúde da população embarcada. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental com o objetivo de levantar a normatização da formação deste profissional, em particular no que diz respeito ao aspecto saúde. A legislação brasileira mostra-se pouco clara e, em muitos casos, não define os órgãos responsáveis pela normatização e controle, na transição do Departamento de Aviação Civil para a Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil. As tendências contemporâneas da educação voltada para competências propiciam um aporte capaz de favorecer uma aprendizagem continuada mais eficaz e compatível com a expansão da intervenção do comissário no atendimento de demandas tanto individuais como coletivas relacionadas com a saúde, sugerindo a oportunidade de uma formação mais qualificada, do ponto de vista acadêmico. .PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comissário de ...

El presente artículo objetiva elaborar un análisis de política comparada por medio del mapeo de la experiencia de paradiplomacia financiera en algunos países emergentes. El trabajo expone el concepto de paradiplomacia financiera; esboza el modelo de la paradiplomacia financiera en países de estructura de gobierno federativo; compara las experiencias de paradiplomacia financiera en cuatro países emergentes (Argentina, India, México, Rusia); y hace una síntesis de las experiencias en comparación con Brasil. El estado concluyó que la paradiplomacia financiera en el mundo emergente se encuentra limitada una vez que los gobiernos subnacionales están obligados a captar en los mercados de créditos domésticos a costos, en general, bien superiores al mercado internacional y/o tener que aceptar la intermediación del gobierno central en la contratación de préstanos junto a los organismos financieros internacionales, siendo pocos los que captan directamente en los mercados de capitales globales ; This article engages into a comparative policy analysis through the mapping of the financial paradiplomacy experience in some emerging market countries. The article introduces the concept of financial paradiplomacy, outlines the financial model of paradiplomacy in countries with federal government structures, compares the experience with financial paradiplomacy in four emerging market countries (Argentina, India, Mexico and Russia), and provides an overview of those experiences compared with Brazil. The article concludes that financial paradiplomacy in emerging markets is limited since subnational governments are required to raise funds in the domestic credit markets at costs above the international market and/or having to accept the intermediation role of the respective central governments in order to obtain loans from the international financial organizations; with just a few of emerging market countries whose subnational governments raise funds directly in the global capital market. ; O presente artigo objetiva elaborar uma análise de política comparada por meio do mapeamento da experiência de paradiplomacia financeira em alguns países emergentes. O trabalho expõe o conceito de paradiplomacia financeira; esboça o modelo da paradiplomacia financeira em países de estrutura de governo federativo; compara as experiências de paradiplomacia financeira em quatro países emergentes (Argentina, Índia, México e Rússia); e faz uma síntese das experiências em comparação com o Brasil. O estudo conclui que a paradiplomacia financeira no mundo emergente se encontra limitada uma vez que os governos subnacionais ficam obrigados a captar nos mercados de crédito domésticos a custos em geral bem superiores ao mercado internacional e/ou terem de aceitar a intermediação do governo central na contratação de empréstimos junto aos organismos financeiros internacionais, sendo poucos os que captam diretamente nos mercados de capitais globais.

Neste artigo, visa-se a analisar um caso de extroversão de governos estaduais no campo do financiamento externo no período da chamada República Velha (1890-1930) no Brasil. Com base na definição de "paradiplomacia financeira", argumenta que a experiência histórica brasileira nesse aspecto teria sido um caso típico de ação paradiplomática. Amplo levantamento estatístico dos empréstimos externos por estados, o resgate das fontes documentais primárias sobre o assunto e a contextualização histórica pertinente dão sustentação à caracterização do período como uma fase de paradiplomacia financeira precoce.

AbstractWe report a summary of Portuguese families and siblings research under the umbrella of the Portuguese Healthy Family Project. Families lived in mainland Portugal, as well as in the Azores and Madeira islands. All samples comprise children and adolescents (9–20 years) and their parents (27–57 years). Recruitment procedures and phenotypes were detailed. Familial resemblance in body shape and composition, metabolic syndrome, physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behaviors are presented, as well as future research avenues.

The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the available information regarding longitudinal data addressing young soccer players' motor performance changes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, literature searches were performed in three databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS. The following descriptors were used: football, soccer, youth, young, player, athlete, physical performance, motor performance, longitudinal. The inclusion criteria were original articles in English with longitudinal data of young males (aged 10–18 years), with the aim to investigate motor performance serial changes. The initial search returned 211 records, and the final sample comprised 32 papers. These papers covered the European continent, and used mixed and pure longitudinal design with variation in sample size and age range. The reviewed studies tended to use different tests to assess the motor performance and aimed to identify changes in motor performance in several ways. In general, they indicated motor performance improvements with age, with a marked influence of biological maturity, body composition, and training stimuli. This review highlights the need for coaches and stakeholders to consider players' motor performance over time whilst considering biological maturation, biological characteristics, and training stimuli.

This study (1) investigated the effects of age, maturity status, anthropometrics, and years of training on 11–14-year-old male basketball players' physical performance and technical skills development, and (2) estimated the contribution of maturity status and training years on players' physical and technical performances. The sample consisted of 150 participants, average age 13.3 ± 0.7 years, grouped by early, average, and late maturation. Biological maturation, anthropometry, and training data were collected using standard procedures. Measures of physical performance assessed included: aerobic fitness, abdominal muscular strength and endurance, static strength, lower body explosive power, upper body explosive power, speed, and agility and body control. Basketball-specific technical skills were also recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to compare group differences. Results indicated that early maturers were taller, heavier, and had greater strength, power, speed, and agility (p < 0.05). When controlling for age, height, and body mass, early maturers remained stronger, quicker, and more agile (p < 0.05). They were also more skillful in the speed shot shooting test (p < 0.05). Apart from tests of aerobic fitness, abdominal muscular strength and endurance, and lower body explosive power, maturity status was the primary contributor to the variance in the physical performance tests. Years of training was the primary contributor to the variance in the technical skills tests. Whilst physical performance was dependent on maturity status, technical skills were influenced by years of training. Since both biological maturation and years of training play an important role in basketball performance, we recommend that coaches consider the effects of these two confounders when recruiting and selecting youth basketballers.

This study investigates how consistent genetic factors are, as measured by heritability estimates (h2), in the leisure-time physical activity index (LTPAI) and sport participation index (SPI) from early (10–14 yrs) to late adolescence (15–19 yrs). The sample comprises 12,385 subjects from 3,378 Portuguese nuclear families. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and the LTPAI and SPI were estimated by questionnaire. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by parental occupation. Analyses were done using S.A.G.E. software. Our results showed that h2 estimates for the LTPAI and SPI in the two age groups (10–14 yrs and 15–19 yrs) were stable: for the LTPAI, h2 = 0.297 and 0.322, respectively; and for the SPI, h2 = 0.413 and 0.428, respectively. Sibling correlations and environmental correlations are higher in the younger age group for both the LTPAI and the SPI. Spousal correlations are higher in the younger age group for the LTPAI and lower for the SPI than the older group. Parent–offspring correlations are similar in both age groups for the LTPAI and SPI. In conclusion, the influence of genetic factors on physical activity and sport participation remains stable across age in adolescence. However, variation in sibling correlations — in particular, environmental correlations — was observed. These findings suggest that shared/non-shared environmental factors express different degrees of importance across age. Future intervention programs aiming to promote change in behaviors need to consider these results to bring about positive changes in physical activity and sport participation behaviors within the family setting.

A very brief history of Portuguese twin research in sport and human movement sciences is presented. Recruitment procedures, zygosity determination, and phenotypes are given for twins and their parents from the mainland, and Azores and Madeira archipelagos. Preliminary findings are mostly related to physical activity, health-related physical fitness, gross motor coordination, neuromotor development, and metabolic syndrome traits.

This study investigated the roles of growth, maturation, physical fitness, and technical skills on selection onto an under-14 years basketball team. The sample consisted of 150 male players, aged 13.3 ± 0.7 years, divided into selected (SE—top players chosen by coaching staff to form an elite regional team) and non-selected (NSE—remaining players) groups. Anthropometry, body composition, biological maturation, and training experience data were collected using standard procedures. Physical fitness was assessed using the Yo-Yo IE2, sit-ups, handgrip, squat jump, countermovement jump, 3 kg medicine ball throw, 20 m sprint, and T-Test. Technical skills were acquired using the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD)'s basketball-specific test battery. Groups were compared using a Student's t test and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), with training experience and biological maturation as covariates. A forward stepwise discriminant function analysis was employed to identify variables that maximized the separation between groups. The results showed that SE players were taller, had greater fat-free mass, greater strength, power, and agility, and were technically more skillful compared with NSE players (p < 0.05) when controlling for training experience and maturation. It was also found that players were best discriminated by the 3 kg medicine ball throw and control dribble, revealing the importance of qualified training to achieve excellence in youth basketball. 92.7% of the basketballers were correctly classified into their original groups. It is therefore confirmed that the additional effects of training experience and biological maturation positively influenced the performance of young basketball players. We recommend that coaches focus not only on players' body sizes, but also on their skill level, especially during adolescence, when selecting teams in order to promote sustainable long-term development.

O presente estudo analisou o impacto que as avaliações externas como o SAEB e o SPAECE geram no contexto das estratégias adotadas pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado do Ceará (SEDUC/CE) em escolas públicas estaduais de ensino médio. Os dados consistiram dos resultados em matemática do 3º ano do ensino médio das escolas públicas pertencentes à rede estadual tanto no SAEB, edições de 2015, 2017 e 2019 e no Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará (SPAECE), edições de 2012 a 2019. Os dados mostraram que, apesar de avanços, o desempenho dos estudantes ao final do Ensino Médio ainda se encontra em níveis muito baixos. Acerca das estratégias que a SEDUC/CE adotou frente ao desempenho, os dados oriundos de documentos oficiais e pesquisas bibliográficas apontam para uma preocupação com a ação sistêmica de avaliação diagnóstica e a criação do Sistema Online de Avaliação, Suporte e Acompanhamento Educacional (SISEDU), indicando a importância do processo de avaliação na intervenção pedagógica.
Palavras-chave: Avaliações Externas. Políticas Públicas. Intervenções Pedagógicas.
Abstract The present study analyzed the impact that external assessments such as SAEB and SPAECE have on the strategies adopted by the State Department of Education of Ceará (SEDUC/CE) in public high schools. The data consisted of the mathematics results of the 3rd year of high public school belonging to the state network, both in SAEB editions of 2015, 2017, and 2019, and in the Permanent System of Assessment of Basic Education in Ceará (SPAECE) editions from 2012 to 2019. The data showed that, despite advancements, students' performance at the end of high school is still at very low levels. Regarding the strategies adopted by the SEDUC/CE in response to performance, data from official documents and literature research indicate a concern with the systemic action of diagnostic assessment and the creation of the Online System for Assessment, Support, and Educational Monitoring (SISEDU), highlighting the importance of the assessment process in pedagogical intervention.
Keywords: External assessments; Public Policies; Pedagogical Interventions.