Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to revealing the scientifi c potential of temporal aspects in studying the quality of life of international migrants. Th e purpose of this paper is to initiate a scientifi c discussion on temporal indicators of population well-being and present empirical evidence of their importance in migration research. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in revealing the widespread use of temporal elements in the structure of systems for quality of life assessing, substantiation the need to use time indicators in studies of international migrants' well-being. Th e article uses methods of system approach, analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison. Th e study showed that contemporary approaches of the quality of life analysis abounds with time-dependent elements. However, conceptualization of temporality is absent there. Temporal indicators connected with duration and rhythm are most oft en used. Th e main empirical basis for studying the migrants' quality of life in this article is the results of the European Social Survey (ESS). Th e reference group for comparing the migrants' well-being in this study is local population. Th e integrated indicator of quality of life assessment, the average happiness score, is used. It shows almost identical overall values of this indicator for both population groups (the diff erence was 0.1 points on a 10-point scale). Th ere was a lack of territorial universality to identify a happier group because in half of the analyzed countries the locals were happier than newcomers whereas in the rest of the territories there was the opposite situation or the same values of the indicator. Th e average happiness scores and life satisfaction scores among migrants decrease in parallel with the increase in length of stay in the destination country. A separate eff ect of age and length of stay temporal characteristics on the quality of life of international migrants is established. The degree of freedom, the agency to infl uence their own lives is considered a separate temporal element of the migrants' well-being. According to the ESS, the average value of this indicator for newcomers and locals coincides.

Th e purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of temporary employment abroad on the reproductive activity of return migrants in Ukraine. Th e novelty of the study lies in establishing the quantitative eff ect of international migration experience on the reproductive behavior of return migrants, determining the impact of the presence and number of siblings on respondents' childbearing activity. Th e main methods used are comparison, grouping and indicators standardization. Th e baseline data and calculations presented in this publication are grounded on the results of a sample study carried out within the TEMPER project, which has surveyed 736 persons with an experience of employment in Italy or Poland and 509 respondents who have never worked outside of Ukraine. It is found that among return migrants one person has an average of 1.09 children, while among non-migrants the corresponding fi gure is 1.26. To avoid the impact of diff erences in gender and age structure between the two categories of respondents age-specifi c coeffi cients of the average number of children per person are calculated in the article and the procedure of their standardization is applied. Th e standardized average number of children per one woman of reproductive age from the group of return migrants is 1.10, which is only 0.01 less than the value of the actual indicator. For women of the same age who had never worked abroad, the fi gure is 1.41. If women of childbearing age with migration experience were to have on average the same number of children as women from non-migratory group have, the total number of child -ren of this category of persons would be 25 % higher than the actual one. Th e overall impact of the educational levels of both parents on the average number of children is revealed: returnees with higher education who have a partner with the same educational level have an average 1.21 children; in couples where one partner has higher education and the other secondary, the corresponding fi gure was 1.3; in cases where both spouses have diplomas of secondary level, the analyzed fi gure is 1.62 (for non-migrants, the coeffi cients were 1.28; 1.57 and 1.76 respectively).

The contemporary state of migration processes in the Czech Republic is considered. On the basis of the analysis of a database of vacancies for foreign workers, the main characteristics of the demand of the Czech labor market for the manpower from the other countries, including Ukraine, are clarified. It is revealed which professions are most required on the Czech labor market, which branches need mostly the labor of foreign workers, etc.

The purpose of the article is to identify the main migration groups of big cities of Ukraine, to define the features of their involvement in cities labour markets and infrastructure services at the local level. The work is aimed at resolving the scientific contradiction between the high concentration of migrants in specific cities and researches, which are carried out mostly at the state level. The change of research focus from the national to the local level determines the relevance and novelty of the publication. The article structures the subject field of migration research at the level of certain settlements (localities). Depending on the degree of arrived population, integration into the organization of the city system, the article distinguishes two main types of persons: migrant visitors and migrant residents. The first group includes people who live outside big cities but make regular trips there to study or work (so-called pendulum and shift migrants). The significant impact of this group is on the transport infrastructure of Ukraine's big cities, which is currently in need of renovation and modernization. Migrant residents, arriving in big cities, settle there for a long time or for good, thus creating more robust and diverse connections with the locality of arrival. This group's presence mostly affects housing, communal, household and educational infrastructure of big cities. The category of migrant residents in big cities has quite a heterogeneous composition: this includes foreigners and Ukrainians who came from other regions (among which there is a large group of internally displaced persons). Socio-economic involvement of international immigrants largely depends on the legal status holding.