In diesem Fachaufsatz wird die Entwicklung eines thermischen "Matlab Simscape"-Modells vorgestellt. Das geometrisch und zeitlich thermisch transiente Modell "SimTherm" erlaubt die Berechnung der Erwärmung und Ausdehnung eines Kugelgewindetriebs. Das Modell wird anhand experimenteller Untersuchungen bezüglich der Temperaturverteilung validiert. Die Temperaturen der Kugelgewindetrieb-Spindel werden hierbei ortsvariabel mittels eines Infrarot (IR)-Sensors lokal auf der Spindeloberfläche ermittelt. This paper presents the development of a thermal "Matlab Simscape" model. The geometrically and timewise thermal-transient model called "SimTherm" makes it possible to calculate the temperature and the expansion of ball screws. The model is validated with experimental temperature tests. The temperature of the ball screw spindle is established locally on the spindle surface by using an infrared sensor.
Die zerspanende Nachbearbeitung additiv gefertigter Bauteile dient der Qualitätssteigerung von Formelementen und Oberflächen, um verfahrensbedingte Schwachstellen etwa des FLM (Fused Layer Manufacturing)-3D-Druck auszugleichen. Die Form- und Lagegenauigkeit der Beispielkontur Bohrung hängt von 3D-Druckparametern wie der Bauteilausrichtung als auch von den gewählten Zerspanparametern wie Drehzahl oder Vorschub ab. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen die Genauigkeitssteigerung der Funktionsbohrungen und werden in technischen Handlungsempfehlungen zusammengefasst, die auch auf andere Bearbeitungsverfahren übertragbar sind. Post-process machining of additively manufactured parts increases the quality of moulded parts and surfaces to compensate for weak points in the process, e.g. in FLM (fused layer manufacturing) 3D printing. The geometrical and positional accuracies of a drill hole depend both on 3D printing parameters such as component alignment and on subsequently chosen cutting parameters such as rotational speed and feed. The results of the analysis show an increase in the accuracy of functional holes, summarized in technical recommendations to be transferred to other machining processes.
Second generation area-based indices of multiple deprivation have been extensively used in the UK over the last 15 years. They resulted from significant developments in political, technical, and conceptual spheres for deprivation data. We review the parallel development of environmental justice research and how and when environmental data was incorporated into these indices. We explain the transfer of these methods from the UK to Germany and assess the progress internationally in developing such indices. Finally, we illustrate how billions of pounds in the UK was allocated by using these tools to tackle neighbourhood deprivation and environmental justice to address the determinants of health.
Mit der 3D-Print-Cloud BW entsteht eine zunächst vorwettbewerbliche, offene Online-Plattform für die Gesamtprozesskette der Additiven Fertigung – von der Konstruktion, über die Simulation und Fertigung bis hin zur Nachbearbeitung der gedruckten Teile. Die Nutzer der Onlineplattform sind einerseits Firmen, die diese Dienstleistungen anbieten, und andererseits Kunden, die nach einer Dienstleistung im Bereich der Additiven Fertigung suchen und diese über die Onlineplattform finden und beauftragen können. Den Dienstleistern erschließen sich neue Kunden. Den Kunden steht eine große Anzahl an Dienstleistungen unterschiedlicher Firmen zur Verfügung. Durch die Abdeckung der gesamten Prozesskette sparen die Nutzer Zeit und Kosten. Mit der 3D-Print-Cloud BW ist es möglich, von der Konstruktion ausgehend schnell das gewünschte Bauteil in der geforderten Qualität zu erhalten. In the project 3D-Print-Cloud BW a pre-competitive, open online-platform for the entire process chain of Additive Manufacturing – from design, through simulation and production to post-processing is developed. Users have access to a large number of service providers and save time because the platform covers the entire process chain. By using the platform users quickly get from the design to the desired component in the required quality. Service providers gain new customers.
Fast-Axis-Kollimatoren (FAC) sind essenzielle optische Elemente für Diodenlasersysteme. Beim aktuellen Prozess des Trennschleifens mit nachgelagerter Reinigung von FAC-Optiken aus gepressten antireflexionsbeschichteten Glaswafern entstehen vermehrt Beschädigungen, die eine Verwendung der Optiken limitiert. Die Verwendung von Schneidfolie zur Substratfixierung beim Trennschleifen der FAC-Optiken ermöglicht ein defektfreies Schneiden und Lösen ohne Reinigung von der Folie und gleichzeitig können Kosten und Fertigungszeit eingespart werden.
Fast Axis Collimators (FAC) are essential optical elements for diode laser systems. The increasing number of damages occuring in the current process of cut-off grinding with downstream cleaning of FAC optics made of pressed anti-reflective coated glass wafers limits the use of optics in high-power applications. Using cutting film for substrate fixation during cut-off grinding of FAC optics allows for defect-free cutting and clean release from the cutting film while saving costs and production time.
In: Polus , S , Burns , J , Hoffmann , S , Mathes , T , Mansmann , U , Been , J , Lack , N , Koller , D , Maier , W & Rehfuess , EA 2021 , ' Interrupted time series study found mixed effects of the impact of the Bavarian smoke-free legislation on pregnancy outcomes ' , Scientific Reports , vol. 11 , no. 1 , 4209 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83774-0
In 2007 the German government passed smoke-free legislation, leaving the details of implementation to the individual federal states. In January 2008 Bavaria implemented one of the strictest laws in Germany. We investigated its impact on pregnancy outcomes and applied an interrupted time series (ITS) study design to assess any changes in preterm birth, small for gestational age (primary outcomes), and low birth weight, stillbirth and very preterm birth. We included 1,236,992 singleton births, comprising 83,691 preterm births and 112,143 small for gestational age newborns. For most outcomes we observed unclear effects. For very preterm births, we found an immediate drop of 10.4% (95%CI − 15.8, − 4.6%; p = 0.0006) and a gradual decrease of 0.5% (95%CI − 0.7, − 0.2%, p = 0.0010) after implementation of the legislation. The majority of subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirm these results. Although we found no statistically significant effect of the Bavarian smoke-free legislation on most pregnancy outcomes, a substantial decrease in very preterm births was observed. We cannot rule out that despite our rigorous methods and robustness checks, design-inherent limitations of the ITS study as well as country-specific factors, such as the ambivalent German policy context have influenced our estimation of the effects of the legislation.
In 2007 the German government passed smoke-free legislation, leaving the details of implementation to the individual federal states. In January 2008 Bavaria implemented one of the strictest laws in Germany. We investigated its impact on pregnancy outcomes and applied an interrupted time series (ITS) study design to assess any changes in preterm birth, small for gestational age (primary outcomes), and low birth weight, stillbirth and very preterm birth. We included 1,236,992 singleton births, comprising 83,691 preterm births and 112,143 small for gestational age newborns. For most outcomes we observed unclear effects. For very preterm births, we found an immediate drop of 10.4% (95%CI − 15.8, − 4.6%; p = 0.0006) and a gradual decrease of 0.5% (95%CI − 0.7, − 0.2%, p = 0.0010) after implementation of the legislation. The majority of subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirm these results. Although we found no statistically significant effect of the Bavarian smoke-free legislation on most pregnancy outcomes, a substantial decrease in very preterm births was observed. We cannot rule out that despite our rigorous methods and robustness checks, design-inherent limitations of the ITS study as well as country-specific factors, such as the ambivalent German policy context have influenced our estimation of the effects of the legislation.
Joint grant from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council and GlaxoSmithKline (Grant No. G0701420) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. This work presents independent research in part funded by the NIHR. Also supported by the Wellcome Trust Grant No. 086635 (JJHR); NIHR Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London (SCW); a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (MRiv); European Commission Grant Agreement No. 115008 (RU, PM); and Canada Research Chairs program (http://www. chairs-chaires.gc.ca/) (RU). Dr. Aitchison holds an Alberta Centennial Addiction and Mental Health Research Chair, funded by the government of Alberta, Canada. The Genome Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression study was funded by a European Commission Framework 6 grant, European Commission Contract Reference LSHB-CT-2003-503428, and GlaxoSmithKline. Genotyping was performed at the Centre Nationale De Genotypage, Evry, Paris. We acknowledge the contribution of phase 2 of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium in providing access to control datasets from the 1958 British birth cohort and the National Blood Service cohort.
16 páginas, 5 figuras ; Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease. ; The present work has been performed as part of the doctoral program of I. de Rojas at the Universitat de Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain) supported by national grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FI20/00215. The Genome Research @ Fundació ACE project (GR@ACE) is supported by Grifols SA, Fundación bancaria "La Caixa", Fundació ACE, and CIBERNED. A.R. and M.B. receive support from the European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint undertaking ADAPTED and MOPEAD projects (grant numbers 115975 and 115985, respectively). M.B. and A.R. are also supported by national grants PI13/02434, PI16/01861, PI17/01474, PI19/01240 and PI19/01301. Acción Estratégica en Salud is integrated into the Spanish National R + D + I Plan and funded by ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)—Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER—"Una manera de hacer Europa"). Some control samples and data from patients included in this study were provided in part by the National DNA Bank Carlos III (www.bancoadn.org, University of Salamanca, Spain) and Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme (Sevilla, Spain); they were processed following standard operating procedures with the appropriate approval of the Ethical and Scientific Committee. Amsterdam dementia Cohort (ADC): Research of the Alzheimer center Amsterdam is part of the neurodegeneration research program of Amsterdam Neuroscience. The Alzheimer Center Amsterdam is supported by Stichting Alzheimer Nederland and Stichting VUmc fonds. The clinical database structure was developed with funding from Stichting Dioraphte. Genotyping of the Dutch case-control samples was performed in the context of EADB (European Alzheimer DNA biobank) funded by the JPco-fuND FP-829-029 (ZonMW project number 733051061). 100-Plus study: We are grateful for the collaborative efforts of all participating centenarians and their family members and/or relations. This work was supported by Stichting Alzheimer Nederland (WE09.2014-03), Stichting Diorapthe, horstingstuit foundation, Memorabel (ZonMW project number 733050814, 733050512) and Stichting VUmc Fonds. Genotyping of the 100-Plus Study was performed in the context of EADB (European Alzheimer DNA biobank) funded by the JPco-fuND FP-829-029 (ZonMW project number 733051061). Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) is largely supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care. The authors are grateful to all LASA participants, the fieldwork team and all researchers for their ongoing commitment to the study. This work was supported by a grant (European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB) from the EU Joint Program—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) and also funded by Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, the Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine, the French government's LABEX DISTALZ program (development of innovative strategies for a transdisciplinary approach to AD). Genotyping of the German case-control samples was performed in the context of EADB (European Alzheimer DNA biobank) funded by the JPco-fuND (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF: 01ED1619A). Full acknowledgments for the studies that contributed data can be found in the Supplementary Note. We thank the numerous participants, researchers, and staff from many studies who collected and contributed to the data. We thank the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) for providing summary results data for these analyses. The investigators within IGAP contributed to the design and implementation of IGAP and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. IGAP was made possible by the generous participation of the control subjects, the patients, and their families. The i–Select chips was funded by the French National Foundation on AD and related disorders. EADI was supported by the LABEX (laboratory of excellence program investment for the future) DISTALZ grant, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille 2 and the Lille University Hospital. GERAD was supported by the Medical Research Council (Grant n° 503480), Alzheimer's Research UK (Grant n° 503176), the Wellcome Trust (Grant n° 082604/2/07/Z) and German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF): Competence Network Dementia (CND) grant n° 01GI0102, 01GI0711, 01GI0420. CHARGE was partly supported by the NIA/NHLBI grants AG049505, AG058589, HL105756 and AGES contract N01–AG–12100, the Icelandic Heart Association, and the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University. ADGC was supported by the NIH/NIA grants: U01 AG032984, U24 AG021886, U01 AG016976, and the Alzheimer's Association grant ADGC–10–196728. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank public resource obtained through the University of Edinburg Data Share (https://datashare.is.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/3364). ; Peer reviewed