Suchergebnisse

Due to geopolitical changes in the world, thinking primarily of the relationship between the USA and China, intensive changes in the domain of information technologies, which have led to changes in the way of work and life, the question of the role of the nation state in that context is justified. Today, the state and society are facing the putting of traditional values into a new concept, in which the notion of freedom and democracy is more widely observed. Properly understood democratic values should prevent the human rights and freedoms of all citizens from being endangered. What is characteristic of each state is the importance of its institutions, which can be formal or informal. While formal institutions can change almost "instantly", an example of this is a change in the law "overnight", informal ones are slowly changing, such as customs or religious beliefs. The question is whether the welfare state still has the significance that it had before in one society? It is known that the welfare state has been in crisis for a long time, that many of its characteristics have been called into question. Today, in addition to the nation-state and its institutions, other social actors are emerging, such as non-governmental organizations. Then, the relationship between the state and the market is quite complicated today, and the most important issue in that relationship is the economic freedoms of market actors. Depending on their percentage, it is determined which political and economic system will prevail in one country.

Migracije su danas jedna od najaktuelnijih tema u svetu. Najčešći razlozi nastanka su ratovi, zatim, to mogu biti klimatske promene, a postoje i migracije nastale iz ekonomskih razloga, i njihov cilj je potraga za boljom materijalnom egzistencijom, ostvarivanje višeg životnog standarda, bolji uslovi zapošljavanja, obrazovanja, a samim tim i bolji uslovi života. Predmet ove analize su ekonomske migracije i savremena migraciona kretanja, tj. useljavanje i iseljavanje stranaca u zemlje Zapadnog Balkana (ZB). Makroekonomski pokazatelji ukazuju na stabilizaciju na tržištu rada u drugoj deceniji XXI veka, mada ekonomije stagniraju. Postavlja se pitanje da li je to posledica veće stope privrednog rasta ili su indukovani depopulacijom i redukcijom radno aktivnog stanovništva? Cilj rada je da se ukaže na neophodnost upravljanja migracionim tokovima u ovim zemljama i potrebe za usmeravanjem migranata na tržištu rada. Rad se sastoji iz dva dela. U prvom delu se daje pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja o migracijama, pojmu i vrstama migracija. Drugi deo rada se sastoji iz empirijske analize migracija u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana i Srbije i njihovom uticaju na tržište rada i privredni razvoj.

The subject of this research is the processes of transition and reform in the Balkans and integration into the European Union (EU). These processes have their historical, political, economic, social causes and consequences. The efforts and efforts to integrate the countries of the Western Balkans (WB) into the European space are emphasized. The question is: can the Western Balkan countries help each other in further regional and European integration? The assumption is that the knowledge and experience gained so far about the aforementioned integrations is poorly used, but that there are realistic social and economic assumptions to accelerate the reforms of these societies. The countries of the Western Balkans should learn from the positive experiences of EU member states, but also adapt normative and other solutions to their own social circumstances. Furthermore, the authors refer to the emergence and meaning of the term Western Balkans, which came to the limelight from the beginning of the 20th century, and revived in the last decade of the same century, when it is most commonly used to denote an atmosphere of intolerance, hatred, conflict, war and division. Such an atmosphere dominated the breakup of Yugoslavia and resulted in the warlike dissolution of society and the common state. These processes are an obstacle to the reforms, democratization, economic progress and European integration of the Western Balkan countries. However, the intense work and desire for EU integration in recent years, in these countries, have contributed to making conflicts in the past a barrier to further development.

The subject of sociological and economic analysis is the most important social, economic, political and cultural preconditions of Serbia's integration into the EU. It appears on two levels: the first is normative and the other is empirical or real. On the one hand are the goals and achievements of EU integration, and on the other hand are the assumptions, actors, and achievements of Serbia in EU integration. Special attention is paid to the subjects, institutions, legislation and the consequences of Serbia's Eurointegration in the field of education, industrial relations, pension, health, and social protection reforms. It concludes that the ruling political elites play an important role in the slow European integration of the country, and the consequences of this affect the majority of the population of Serbia.

The subject of sociological and economic analysis is the relationship between traditional religious movements, migrants and social development in contemporary Europe. An interdisciplinary approach to researching these phenomena is unavoidable,and sociology and economics can make a significant contribution to it. Therefore, the authors use a variety of scientific materials, data from official domestic and European institutions and find relevant research on these phenomena. The starting point is: international migration has made a significant contribution to social development, and the role of traditional religious movements in society is changing with globalization. Policies of immigration countries towards migrants of different cultures and religions are changing, which often aggravates (or alleviates) the conflicts between migrants and the local population. In the first part of the paper,research is about the characteristics of globalization, its causes,subjects, dynamics the most important economic, social,political, demographic and cultural consequences. The second part is dedicated to the essence of traditional religiousness.The differences between traditional and new religious movements are outlined. The third part deals with the research of the characteristics of international migrants in Europe, which belong to different cultures and religions. Finally, it is conclud ed that traditional religious movements and migrations have predominantly positive consequences for the immigration country and contribute to economic, social, political and cultural development.

All countries that want to improve their living standards are focused on four elements of development: human resources, technology use, natural resources and capital accumulation. When it comes to human resources, their quality must be taken into account through controlling diseases and improving general health and nutrition; improving education, training and reducing illiteracy. Knowledge and investment in human resources have become the most important factors at the macroeconomic and microeconomic level, in addition to technology and finance. Strategic human resource management focuses on the skills and competencies of employees, so they involve a higher level of care. Educated workforce is important for enterprises, because today without the accumulation of knowledge it is not possible to achieve accumulation of capital. The Bologna Declaration within the EU points to the need to create a European Higher Education Area, internationally competitive, adaptable to society's changing and knowledge markets.

The European Union now includes membership of 28 countries until the departure of England. However, by 2025, it is envisaged to join the EU countries of the Western Balkans. Membership involves solving many issues of each country individually, but also in the region. The countries of the Western Balkans must make reforms in terms of economy, democracy, many political issues and attitudes. In addition, it is necessary to carry out a reform of care, health and re-examine its industrial policies. Commitment to integration makes it easier to meet the required obligations towards the EU, and exchange of experiences and positive practices between the Western Balkan countries will be beneficial. The economic crisis that hit many countries of the world, which began in 2008, has slowed down the economic growth and development of these countries, slowed down their reforms, and led them into a risk of remaining at the periphery of international development. While the Western Balkan countries seek to reform, at the same time the European Union itself is in the process of internal reorganization.

In less-developed society, as a rule, it is presented high unemployment rate, low rate of economic growth and development, and reform of that society and economy is noticeable. Thus, many institutional and structural changes are needed. Institutional changes highlight the reform of economic, political and social institutions, which should lead to the rule of law, economic stability and economic development. The paper will research inclusive (good) institutions that promote the rule of law, maximize efficiency and social welfare, but also extractive (bad) institutions that extract wealth from the majority of citizens and redistribute it to the minority. An efficient institutional framework supports sustainable economic growth, as evidenced by numerous studies confirming that countries with the rule of law achieve three times higher rates of economic growth. The development of good institutions is also important for the protection of natural resources and the limitation of their consumption. These institutions generally indicate what is allowed and what is forbidden in one society. They protect private property, ensure the equality of the contracting parties in the economic process and provide legal security to citizens. The paper will analyze the EU requirements that Serbia needs to fulfill, with special reference to the chapters related to the rule of law and competition. Recommendations for achieving the stability of the institutions that are a condition for EU accession will be presented. This is important because the interdependence of modern states and societies was pointed out in the domestic literature at the beginning of the eighth decade of the 20th century, and Serbia should not remain outside the course of that interdependence. Also, the great changes that followed at the end of the 20th century, but also those that are constantly happening, are the reason why Serbia needs to change and improve its economic performance, in order to be able to adapt to those changes. The fact is that the world is polarized to the developed north and the less-developed south, and the dominance of developed countries over undeveloped ones can become visible, as well as the dominance of multinational companies from developed countries. In this context, the right question is how much less developed countries themselves contribute to their own backwardness with outdated legal frameworks and weak institutions that become a limiting factor. In globalized and liberalized world, the role of the state has seemingly been shaken, but it is still very important. The importance is reflected in securing the best possible international economic position, stabilizing political power, but also playing an active role in the economic process. The impression was gained that at the beginning of the 21st century the state was re-sovereignty, it still survived. The state is the bearer of legal protection, directly responsible for economic growth, scientific and technological development, development of education and society.