Suchergebnisse

Disinformation and propaganda are recognized as an equal tool of Russia's foreign policy and hybrid wars as other methods of coercion and intimidation. Ukraine was one of the main objects for the implementation of this method of the Kremlin's foreign policy. At the same time, other Central and Eastern European states also are feeling informational pressure due to the spread of disinformation and narratives that were supposed to justify the actions of the Russian state and its aggression against individual states. Romania, which borders Ukraine and became a neighbor of the Russian Federation after the illegal annexation of the Crimean Peninsula, became one of the important objects of the Kremlin's disinformation and propaganda. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the Russian disinformation campaign in Romania, which openly demonstrates its anti-Russian sentiments. The existing discourse on the narratives and misinformation of the Kremlin in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe emphasizes that in recent years, Russia has begun to change approaches in each country, using the peculiarities of the regional context and internal situation to achieve its own goals. The purpose of the article is to identify the main messages distributed by Russian resources in the Romanian information space in order to determine the exact goals pursued by the Kremlin in this country. The application of a combination of qualitative methodology methods, such as the case study method, content analysis of documents and scientific works, as well as discourse analysis of information resources, allows us to provide answers to the following search tasks: to reveal the peculiarities of the perception of Russia in Romania; identify the main sources of dissemination of pro Russian theses and information in the Romanian media; to analyze the narratives cultivated in the Romanian information space, with an interpretation of their real tasks and an assessment to what extent they can influence public opinion. The conclusions summarize the results of the study, indicating which are the direct and indirect Kremlin's goals by spreading certain messages and narratives.

The arms control regime consists of several documents, and the United States of America and the Russian Federation as the State-Parties ensured the implementation and effectiveness of them mostly. However, the growing conflict between these States due to Russia's numerous violations of international law and obligations under international agreements has also harmed arms control. The withdrawal of both states from strategically important documents, which were tools for maintaining transparency and mutual control, is a result of the decline in trust and the lack of a constructive dialogue between Washington and Moscow. The Open Skies Treaty is one of these documents. The article examines the United States' reasons for the withdrawal from the Treaty and reveals the consequences of such a decision by the administration of President Trump. It is noted that the agreement, the idea of ​​which belonged to the United States, was signed immediately after the end of the Cold War and was to help build trust and openness in the new environment. It is noted that the Treaty ensures international stability through the ability of each party to openly collect information on the armed forces, activities, and operations of another party through coordinated flights of reconnaissance aircraft over the territory of the member states. However, problems are gradually accumulating due to Russia's actions to restrict flight zones in violation of the provisions of the Open Sky Treaty, which has become especially acute since 2014. That made the United States think about the meaning of participating in an agreement where one of the parties violates its provisions. The authors outline the consequences of the U.S. decision to leave the agreement; in particular, the focus is on the reactions of the U.S. European partners and Ukraine. They also examined applications and countermeasures by Russia that has also announced its withdrawal from the agreement. Reflecting on the prospects for international security and arms control, the preconditions for the potential return of the United States and Russia to the Open Sky Treaty are outlined.