Suchergebnisse

The scientific problem lies in the discrepancy between the self-reflective Western and Eastern traditions of the philosophy of sport and the very real sports process and sports science, and, by and large, the classical understanding of the scope and content of the concept of philosophy as such.
The relevance of the study lies in the need to eliminate or «remove» this discrepancy, which at three levels openly complicates the development of the philosophy of sport: firstly, as a philosophy in the classical sense of the word; secondly, as a scientific philosophy; and thirdly, as a scientific philosophy of sports and sports science, and not existential, irrational, hermeneutic and other ideas and experiences about philosophizing thoughts about something vaguely reminiscent of them.
The purpose of the study is to construct and briefly justify a classification of the scientific philosophy of sports and sports science from the standpoint of classical philosophy and a
dialectical-materialistic worldview, as well as to indicate a short list of its main tasks in the current situation of aggravated military-political confrontation between Russia, East and West.
The methodology and organization of the study are based on a comprehensive historical, philosophical and scientific theoretical and comparative analysis, including general scientific operations of grouping, systematization, abstraction, idealization and logical operations of defining and dividing concepts, induction, deduction, analogy, determining truth, proof and refutation, constructing a hypothesis.
Research results and conclusions. Gradually but steadily growing since the beginning of the 21st century, global changes in the modern socio-political picture of the world are increasingly clearly and rapidly entailing equally significant changes in education and science (including specialized ones). This article presents a system for constructing the philosophy of sport and sports science, which provides a solution to the full range of modern problems of philosophical analysis and scientific research of sport as:
• social phenomenon and institution;
• cultural and civilizational mechanism of social evolution of humanity;
• a mechanism for preserving and improving a person in his inherent parameters of a social and psychophysiological being;
• an outpost for preventing the processes of human deanthropolization.
It is easy to notice that this system of constructing the philosophy of sport and sports science in many aspects and in terms of system-forming factors differs significantly from its predecessors, at the same time serving as the basis for their scientific and philosophical criticism — criticism that substantiates the urgent need for a radical restructuring of the entire edifice of the philosophy of physical culture and sports, based on from the modern socio-political challenges addressed to her.

Scientific problem. An objective contradiction and discrepancy between the complex social nature and narrow specialization of conditional game training and competitive sports activities and real military physical training, focused on a fundamentally different area of narrow specialization, namely the area of military combat and operational service practice.
The relevance of the study is to once again get rid of the illusions and misconceptions that have become traditional in the last 70–80 years about the real feasibility of using sports models and projects (in particular, those developed on the basis of combat sports) in the practice of applied military physical training of military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth.
The purpose of the study is to prove the inapplicability (or, in extreme cases, incorrect application) of sports models and projects (in particular, those developed on the basis of combat sports) for solving the problems of military-physical applied training and education of military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth.
The research methodology and organization include: methods of hypothetic-deductive modeling, logical-linguistic and concrete-empirical programming.
Research results and conclusions. The main conclusion following from the materials of this article are the following two theses:
• in order to avoid a double illusory-game transformation or «wrapping up» of
military-physical martial arts and martial arts, it is necessary to strictly limit the processes of sportization of physical culture to the civilian sector and in no case allow the spread of these processes or their gradual «sliding» into the field of applied training military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth professionally oriented towards military and service activities;
• the core of military-applied and service-applied physical training should objectively and naturally be the not yet sportized martial arts and modern military-service functionality, the synthesis of which, however, allows for some targeted borrowing of individual techniques from the field of combat sports.

Scientific problem: the contradiction between the gigantic rates of quantitative growth and progressive qualitative development of the Internet space, on the one hand, and, on the other, clearly insufficient attempts to include this space in the field of modern traditional science and the sphere of education (including specialized ones).
The relevance of the study lies in the need for a much more complete and deep, that is, systematic coordination of the modern scientific and educational (including specialized physical education and sports) sphere with the capabilities of the steadily expanding and progressing Internet space.
The purpose of the study is to construct the concept of «Internet science» as an innovative scientific paradigm that ensures the systematic inclusion of the Internet in the modern scientific and educational (including specialized physical education and sports) sphere, as well as to consider and justify aspects of the influence of this paradigm on the traditional mechanism for preparing master's degrees and master's theses.
The methodology and organization of the study imply the use of the method of scientific interpretation as an operation of comparison and comparison of arguments-positions historical and theoretical analysis and results of concrete empirical research.
Research results and conclusions: the practice of applying the four-stage model of an innovative mechanism for preparing scientific and qualifying works, developed on the basis of the innovative concept of «Internet Science», briefly described and justified in this article, proves that compared to traditional models, this model has the following advantages:
1. The one-sidedness of the forms of historical-theoretical, logical-linguistic analysis and purely empirical research is eliminated.
2. The hypothetico-deductive model of scientific theory and program, put in place of descriptive theory and descriptive program of scientific research, allows us to eliminate all the disadvantages listed below:
• lack of evidence of logical correctness;
• the fundamental impossibility of obtaining reliable knowledge, even of calculating the degree of probability of the truth of new knowledge;
• absence or extremely limited and fundamentally insufficient degree of practical verification of conclusions and recommendations.

An article from a series of scientific papers devoted to Iran shows how Iran, which adhered to the concept of a "third force", which assumed an orientation towards Nazi Germany, became a member of the anti-Hitler coalition. The purpose of the article is to reveal the reasons for the turns in Iran's foreign policy, to determine the country's place and role in the anti-Hitler coalition and to show the importance of its contribution to the final victory over the countries of the fascist bloc. The chronological framework covers the period from the mid-1930s to May 1946, when Soviet troops were withdrawn from Iran.

The artic1e is devoted to the events of the Second Wor1d War in Iran, when the troops of the Anti-Hit1er Coa1ition were brought into the country in order to organize mi1itary supp1ies under 1end-1ease. The purpose of the artic1e is to show the ro1e of the Soviet command in the sett1ement of conflicts that arose between the Persians and the Kurds during the stay of the Red Army in Iran. The authors show Iranian Kurdistan as a unique contact zone in which, with the mediation of the Soviet mi1itary administration, intercu1tura1 communication was estab1ished between the Persians (the titu1ar nation in Iran) and the Kurds (a nationa1 minority). The activity of the Soviet mi1itary command is shown as a factor in the frontier deve1opment of Iranian Kurdistan during the Second Wor1d War. It is proved that the stay of the Red Army so1diers on the territory of Iran cannot be ca11ed an occupation either by the norms of internationa1 1aw or by the nature of the behavior of the Soviet troops.

Terrorism continues to be an urgent international problem, despite a slight decrease in terrorist activity after the military defeat of ISIS * in Syria and Iraq. This article attempts to examine the main areas of the UN counter-terrorist activities in the 2000s. The authors have revealed the importance of the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy for intensifying the combat against global terrorism. The content of the institutional reform of the system of UN organizations that counter terrorism is described in detail. A special focus is on the tasks and functions of the Counter-Terrorism Committee, the Counter-Terrorism Center, and the UN Counter-Terrorism Office. Special attention is paid to the analysis of some unresolved problems in the activities of the UN as the center of the combat against terrorism in the world.