Suchergebnisse

This book traces the global, national, and local origins of the conflict between Muslims and Jews in France, challenging the belief that rising anti-Semitism in France is rooted solely in the unfolding crisis in Israel and Palestine. Maud Mandel shows how the conflict in fact emerged from processes internal to French society itself even as it was shaped by affairs elsewhere, particularly in North Africa during the era of decolonization. Mandel examines moments in which conflicts between Muslims and Jews became a matter of concern to French police, the media, and an array of self-appo

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Transliteration -- Introduction -- 1 Orphans of the Nation: Armenian Refugees in France -- 2 The Strange Silence: France, French Jews, and the Return to Republican Order -- 3 Integrating into the Polity: The Problem of Inclusion after Genocide -- 4 Diaspora, Nation, and Homeland among Survivors -- 5 Maintaining a Visible Presence -- 6 Genocide Revisited: Armenians and the French Polity after World War II -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Since World War II, policies with regard to immigrant populations have changed dramatically and repeatedly throughout Western Europe. From 1945 to 1955, Western European nations absorbed an enormous number of refugees uprooted during the war. Until the 1970s, governments did not limit migration, nor did they formulate comprehensive social policies toward these new immigrants. Indeed, from the mid-1950s until 1973, most Western European governments, interested in facilitating economic growth, allowed businesses and large corporations to seek cheap immigrant labor abroad. As Georges Tapinos points out, "For the short term, the conditions of the labor market [and] the rhythm of economic growth . . . determined the flux of migrations" (422). France, Britain, Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands welcomed the generally young, single male migrants as a cheap labor force, treating them as guest workers. As a result, few governments instituted social policies to ease the workers' transition to their new environments. Policies began to change in the 1960s when political leaders, intent on gaining control over the haphazard approach to immigration that had dominated the previous 20 years, slowly began to formulate educational measures and social policies aimed at integrating newcomers.

"The lively essays collected here explore colonial history, culture, and thought as it intersects with Jewish studies. Connecting the Jewish experience with colonialism to mobility and exchange, diaspora, internationalism, racial discrimination, and Zionism, the volume presents the work of Jewish historians who recognize the challenge that colonialism brings to their work and sheds light on the diverse topics that reflect the myriad ways that Jews engaged with empire in modern times. Taken together, these essays reveal the interpretive power of the "Imperial Turn" and present a rethinking of the history of Jews in colonial societies in light of postcolonial critiques and destabilized categories of analysis. A provocative discussion forum about Zionism as colonialism is also included"--

Foreword / Linda G. Levi -- Introduction -- Medical welfare in interwar Europe: the collaboration between JDC and OZE-TOZ organizations / Rakefet Zalashik -- JDC in Minsk: the parameters and predicaments of aiding Soviet Jews in the interwar years / Elissa Bemporad -- The first American organization in Soviet Russia: JDC and relief in the Ukraine, 1920-1923 / Jaclyn Granick -- American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee programs in the USSR, 1941-1948: a complicated partnership / Mikhail Mitsel -- DORSA and the Jewish refugee settlement in Sosúa, 1940-1945 / Marion Kaplan -- Laura Margolis and JDC efforts in Cuba and Shanghai: sustaining refugees in a time of catastrophe / Zhava Litvac Glaser -- "Joint fund Teheran": JDC and the Jewish lifeline to Central Asia / Atina Grossmann -- Destination Australia: the roles of Charles Jordan and Walter Brand / SUzanne D. Rutland -- Imported from the United States? The centralization of private Jewish welfare after the Holocaust: the cases of Belgium and France / Laura Hobson Faure and Veerle Vanden Daelen -- Behind the Iron Curtain: the community government in Poland and its attitude toward the Joint's activities, 1944-1989 / Anna Sommer Schneider -- Years of survival: JDC in postwar Germany, 1945-1957 / Avinoam Patt and Kierra Crago-Schneider -- JDC activity in Hungary, 1945-1953 / Kinga Frojimovics -- JDC and Soviet Jews in Austria and Italy / Inga Veksler -- Contributors -- Index.

Despite an outpouring of scholarship on the Holocaust, little work has focused on what happened to Europe's Jewish communities after the war ended. And unlike many other European nations in which the majority of the Jewish population perished, France had a significant post-war Jewish community that numbered in the hundreds of thousands. Post-Holocaust France and the Jews, 1945–1955 offers new insight on key aspects of French Jewish life in the decades following the end of World War II.How Jews had been treated during the war continued to influence both Jewish and non-Jewish society in the post-war years. The volume examines the ways in which moral and political issues of responsibility combined with the urgent problems and practicalities of restoration, and it illustrates how national imperatives, international dynamics, and a changed self-perception all profoundly helped to shape the fortunes of postwar French Judaism.Comprehensive and informed, this volume offers a rich variety of perspectives on Jewish studies, modern and contemporary history, literary and cultural analysis, philosophy, sociology, and theology.With contributions from leading scholars, including Edward Kaplan, Susan Rubin Suleiman, and Jay Winter, the book establishes multiple connections between such different areas of concern as the running of orphanages, the establishment of new social and political organisations, the restoration of teaching and religious facilities, and the development of intellectual responses to the Holocaust. Comprehensive and informed, this volume will be invaluable to readers working in Jewish studies, modern and contemporary history, literary and cultural analysis, philosophy, sociology, and theology