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The increasing number of older people in the United States has served to focus attention upon the processes of aging and the effectiveness of social programs for the elderly. In order to plan effective programs, accurate social measures are necessary. Now, more than ever before, researchers need conceptually explicit instruments designed to assess individual and social behaviors, attitudes, and traits in the elderly population. This three-volume work is designed to serve the needs of researchers, evaluators, and clinicians in assessing the instruments used in the field of aging. The third and

The increasing number of older people in the United States has served to focus attention upon the processes of aging and the effectiveness of social programs for the elderly. In order to plan effective programs, accurate social measures are necessary. Now, more than ever before, researchers need conceptually explicit instruments designed to assess individual and social behaviors, attitudes, and traits in the elderly population. This three-volume work is designed to serve the needs of researchers, evaluators, and clinicians in assessing the instruments used in the field of aging. The measures r

The increasing number of older people in the United States has served to focus attention upon the processes of aging and the effectiveness of social programs for the elderly. In order to plan effective programs, accurate social measures are necessary. Now, more than ever before, researchers need conceptually explicit instruments designed to assess individual and social behaviors, attitudes, and traits in the elderly population. This three-volume work is designed to serve the needs of researchers, evaluators, and clinicians in assessing the instruments used in the field of aging. The third and

The increasing number of older people in the United States has served to focus attention upon the processes of aging and the effectiveness of social programs for the elderly. In order to plan effective programs, accurate social measures are necessary. Now, more than ever before, researchers require conceptually explicit instruments designed to assess individual and social behaviors, attitudes, and traits in the elderly population. This is the first in a three-volume series designed to serve the needs of researchers, evaluators, and clinicians in assessing the instruments used in the field of a

The increasing number of older people in the United States has served to focus attention upon the processes of aging and the effectiveness of social programs for the elderly. In order to plan effective programs, accurate social measures are necessary. Now, more than ever before, researchers need conceptually explicit instruments designed to assess individual and social behaviors, attitudes, and traits in the elderly population. This three-volume work is designed to serve the needs of researchers, evaluators, and clinicians in assessing the instruments used in the field of aging. The measures r

Purpose: To develop an index of participation in workplace health and well-being programs and assess its relationship with health risk status. Design: Study design comprised a retrospective longitudinal analysis of employee health risk assessment (HRA) and program participation data. Setting: Data from 6 companies that implemented health and well-being programs from 2014 to 2016. Participants: Employee participants (n = 95 318) from 6 companies who completed an HRA in 2014 to 2016. After matching those who completed the HRA in all 3 years, the longitudinal file included 38 789 respondents. Measures: Participation indicators were created for 9 different program components. The sum of these 9 components established the total participation index. Analysis: Descriptive and correlation analyses were conducted on all participation measures. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the impact of participation level on health risk over time. Results: Higher levels of participation were associated with a greater reduction in risks, with each participation dose yielding a reduction of 0.038 risks ( P < .001). Conclusion: Results suggest that employees who participate more in workplace health and well-being programs experience more health risk improvement. The study also supports a more granular definition of participation based on the number of interactions and type of program.

Purpose:This study tested relationships between health and well-being best practices and 3 types of outcomes.Design:A cross-sectional design used data from the HERO Scorecard Benchmark Database.Setting:Data were voluntarily provided by employers who submitted web-based survey responses.Sample:Analyses were limited to 812 organizations that completed the HERO Scorecard between January 12, 2015 and October 2, 2017.Measures:Independent variables included organizational and leadership support, program comprehensiveness, program integration, and incentives. Dependent variables included participation rates, health and medical cost impact, and perceptions of organizational support.Analysis:Three structural equation models were developed to investigate the relationships among study variables.Results:Model sample size varied based on organizationally reported outcomes. All models fit the data well (comparative fit index > 0.96). Organizational and leadership support was the strongest predictor ( P < .05) of participation (n = 276 organizations), impact (n = 160 organizations), and perceived organizational support (n = 143 organizations). Incentives predicted participation in health assessment and biometric screening ( P < .05). Program comprehensiveness and program integration were not significant predictors ( P > .05) in any of the models.Conclusion:Organizational and leadership support practices are essential to produce participation, health and medical cost impact, and perceptions of organizational support. While incentives influence participation, they are likely insufficient to yield downstream outcomes. The overall study design limits the ability to make causal inferences from the data.