Suchergebnisse

Is there a relationship between the consolidation of democracy and the ending of rivalries with neighboring states? Can internationalist foreign policies be useful in "reprogramming" militaries to accept civilian authority? Addressing these questions, Kristina Mani examines the dynamic connection between democracy building and security cooperation in Argentina and Chile in the 1990s. Her thoughtful analysis reveals how the international relations of democratizing states are both the product of domestic political goals and a potentially powerful shaper of domestic politics

AbstractDespite the recent shift to democratic regimes and market-based economies, in many Latin American countries the military retains important economic roles as owner, manager, and stakeholder in economic enterprises. Such military entrepreneurship poses a challenge to the development of democratic civil-military relations and, by extension, to the development of liberal democracy in the region. While scholars have noted this situation with concern, they have given little attention to distinguishing the different types of military entrepreneurship, which reflect distinct historical patterns and implications. This article identifies two major types of military entrepreneurs in Latin America: industrializers, determined to build national defense capabilities and compete for international prestige; and nation builders, seeking to promote economic development that can foster social development and cohesion. Case studies of Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, and Ecuador demonstrate important differences between these two types in their origins, paths, and political consequences.

Over the course of the twentieth century, militaries in the developing world adopted roles as owners and managers of economic enterprises that constitute an important source of financial and institutional autonomy from the state and society. This article identifies several distinct types of military entrepreneurship and argues that their development depends on patterns of state capacity, military professionalization, and threat conditions facing the country. Case studies of Pakistan, El Salvador, and China test the argument, exploring both the origins of military business activities and their current condition. The study finds that military entrepreneurship is harmful to the achievement or maintenance of military professionalism and that it is quite durable because it adapts to prevailing market conditions and therefore can weather major shifts toward democracy and the market.

Entre los múltiples desafíos a la construcción de la paz en Colombia, la gobernanza y reforma del sector seguridad (GRSS) ha sido de los temas más sensibles y menos discutidos. El cambio de los roles de las Fuerzas Armadas y su acomodo a las nuevas dinámicas planteadas por el posconflicto, la necesidad de re-direccionar el gasto público hacia el desarrollo, y de repensar las actividades de seguridad y defensa a la luz del acompañamiento y control civil, entre otros debates, apuntan a la importancia de un diálogo sistemático y franco entre distintos sectores de la sociedad sobre el futuro de este sector en el país. Para posicionar los retos planteados por el posconflicto a las políticas de seguridad y defensa dentro del debate público en Colombia, el Seminario Internacional ¿Qué sector seguridad necesita Colombia? Experiencias internacionales y desafíos nacionales reunirá un nutrido grupo de expertos internacionales y nacionales en gobernanza y reforma del sector seguridad, quienes reflexionarán sobre las lecciones que distintos casos de transición política en el mundo pueden aportar a los dilemas que enfrenta el sector de seguridad y defensa colombiano. Este seminario constituye un impulso único al debate público sobre las necesidades actuales y futuras del país en esta materia. Su asistencia requiere inscripción previa.

Introduction / Ulrich Petersohn and Molly Dunigan. - Diverse Markets for Force in Latin America : From Argentina to Guatemala / Kristina Mani . - Military Protection Markets in Peru and Ecuador : A Detailed Analysis / Maiah Jaskoski . - Market for Force in the United Kingdom : The Recasting of the Monopoly of Violence and the Management of Force as a Public-Private Enterprise / Carlos Ortiz . - Market for Private Force in the Czech Republic / Oldrich Bures . - Informal but Diverse : The Market for Exported Force from Russia and Ukraine / Olivia Allison. - Markets for Force in Afghanistan / Jake Sherman. - China's Managed Market for Force / Jennifer Catallo . - Canadian Market for Force / Christopher Spearin. - Market for Force in the United States / Scott Fitzsimmons. - Causes and Consequences of Different Types of Markets for Force / Molly Dunigan and Ulrich Petersohn. - Testing the Relative Explanatory Power of the "Market Types" Argument / Ulrich Petersohn and Molly Dunigan