Suchergebnisse

The complexity of measuring indigenous welbeing / Matthew Manning and Christopher Fleming -- Understanding wellbeing / Matthew Manning and Christopher Fleming -- Health and physical wellbeing of the Sámi people / Per Axelsson and Christina Storm Mienna -- Chronic disease among Native North Americans / Leslie Redmond and Joel Gittelsohn -- Changing concepts of wellness among the Swahili of Lamu Town, Kenya / Rebecca Gearhart Mafazy and Munib Said Mafazy -- Physical wellbeing of native Hawaiians, the indigenous people of Hawai'i / Joseph Keawe¿aimoku Kaholokula, Andrea H. Hermosura and Mapuana C.K. Antonio -- Traditional healing and indigenous wellbeing in Aotearoa, New Zealand / Annabel Ahuriri-Driscoll and Amohia Boulton -- Physical wellbeing of Maori / Denise Wilson, Amohia Boulton and Isaac Warbrick -- Wellbeing in Swedish indigenous Sami children and young-people : looking back and looking forward / Susanne Garvis and Lotta Omma -- Well-being considerations among selected North American Indian populations : relationships, spirits, and connections / Lyle J. Noisy Hawk and Joseph Trimble -- Socio-economic wellbeing of the Basarwa people of Botswana : a forgotten generation / Keitseope Nthomang and Pelotshweu Moepeng -- The comparative wellbeing of the New Zealand Maori and indigenous Australian populations since 2000 / Matthew Gray and Boyd Hunter -- Economic wellbeing of Canada's indigenous people / Belayet Hossain and Laura Lamb -- El "buen vivir" : notions of wellbeing among indigenous peoples of South America / Ana Maria Peredo -- The economic wellbeing of the San of the western, central, and eastern Kalahari regions of Botswana / Robert Hitchcock and Maria Sapignoli -- Economic wellbeing of the indigenous people in the Asia Pacific region : the role of entrepreneurship in sustainable development / Rick Colbourne and Robert B Anderson -- The social and economic situation of scheduled tribes in India / Daniel Neff, Cornelis W. Haasnoot, Sebastian Renner and Kunal Sen -- Maori identity and economic wellbeing / Carla Houkamau -- "We have our own way" : exploring pathways for wellbeing among Inuit in Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada / Alexandra Sawatzky, Ashlee Cunsolo, Sherilee L. Harper, Inez Shiwak and Michele Wood -- Indigenous culture-as-treatment in the era of evidence-based mental health practice / Andrew Pomerville and Joseph P. Gone -- The relationship between child labour, participation in cultural activities, and the schooling outcomes of children : an analysis by indigenous status / Lilia Arcos Holzinger and Nicholas Biddle -- Mabu liyan : the Yawuru way / Mandy Yap and Eunice Yu -- Subjective wellbeing of Aboriginal peoples of Canada / Shashi Kant, Ilan Vertinsky and Bin Zheng -- Subjective wellbeing of indigenous Latin Americans : regional trends and the case of Mexico's indigenous people / Lilia Arcos Holzinger and Nicholas Biddle -- Subjective wellbeing of the Purhépecha people : between tradition and modernity / Mariano Rojas and Paz Chávez -- Subjective wellbeing of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people of Australia / Christopher L. Ambrey, Christopher Fleming and Matthew Manning -- Indigenous wellbeing and future challenges / Matthew Manning and Christopher Fleming.

The complexity of measuring indigenous welbeing / Matthew Manning and Christopher Fleming -- Understanding wellbeing / Matthew Manning and Christopher Fleming -- Health and physical wellbeing of the Sámi people / Per Axelsson and Christina Storm Mienna -- Chronic disease among Native North Americans / Leslie Redmond and Joel Gittelsohn -- Changing concepts of wellness among the Swahili of Lamu Town, Kenya / Rebecca Gearhart Mafazy and Munib Said Mafazy -- Physical wellbeing of native Hawaiians, the indigenous people of Hawai'i / Joseph Keawe¿aimoku Kaholokula, Andrea H. Hermosura and Mapuana C.K. Antonio -- Traditional healing and indigenous wellbeing in Aotearoa, New Zealand / Annabel Ahuriri-Driscoll and Amohia Boulton -- Physical wellbeing of Maori / Denise Wilson, Amohia Boulton and Isaac Warbrick -- Wellbeing in Swedish indigenous Sami children and young-people : looking back and looking forward / Susanne Garvis and Lotta Omma -- Well-being considerations among selected North American Indian populations : relationships, spirits, and connections / Lyle J. Noisy Hawk and Joseph Trimble -- Socio-economic wellbeing of the Basarwa people of Botswana : a forgotten generation / Keitseope Nthomang and Pelotshweu Moepeng -- The comparative wellbeing of the New Zealand Maori and indigenous Australian populations since 2000 / Matthew Gray and Boyd Hunter -- Economic wellbeing of Canada's indigenous people / Belayet Hossain and Laura Lamb -- El "buen vivir" : notions of wellbeing among indigenous peoples of South America / Ana Maria Peredo -- The economic wellbeing of the San of the western, central, and eastern Kalahari regions of Botswana / Robert Hitchcock and Maria Sapignoli -- Economic wellbeing of the indigenous people in the Asia Pacific region : the role of entrepreneurship in sustainable development / Rick Colbourne and Robert B Anderson -- The social and economic situation of scheduled tribes in India / Daniel Neff, Cornelis W. Haasnoot, Sebastian Renner and Kunal Sen -- Maori identity and economic wellbeing / Carla Houkamau -- "We have our own way" : exploring pathways for wellbeing among Inuit in Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada / Alexandra Sawatzky, Ashlee Cunsolo, Sherilee L. Harper, Inez Shiwak and Michele Wood -- Indigenous culture-as-treatment in the era of evidence-based mental health practice / Andrew Pomerville and Joseph P. Gone -- The relationship between child labour, participation in cultural activities, and the schooling outcomes of children : an analysis by indigenous status / Lilia Arcos Holzinger and Nicholas Biddle -- Mabu liyan : the Yawuru way / Mandy Yap and Eunice Yu -- Subjective wellbeing of Aboriginal peoples of Canada / Shashi Kant, Ilan Vertinsky and Bin Zheng -- Subjective wellbeing of indigenous Latin Americans : regional trends and the case of Mexico's indigenous people / Lilia Arcos Holzinger and Nicholas Biddle -- Subjective wellbeing of the Purhépecha people : between tradition and modernity / Mariano Rojas and Paz Chávez -- Subjective wellbeing of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island people of Australia / Christopher L. Ambrey, Christopher Fleming and Matthew Manning -- Indigenous wellbeing and future challenges / Matthew Manning and Christopher Fleming.

This research is part of a larger 3-year project that investigates how a socially and culturally inclusive policy approach could improve community safety in a remote Indigenous community in the Northern Territory. In this article, we attempt to address the questions – how is community safety defined and conceptualized in Australian policy, and how does this compare to how it is viewed in the case study community? Our goal is to challenge and build on Australian policy concepts, specifically relating to community safety and crime prevention, in remote areas where there is a large proportion of Indigenous people. Findings reveal that: (1) the definition and conceptualization of community safety differs between the case study community and current Australian Government strategies and (2) current government strategies to reducing crime and improving safety do not adequately address the range of problems experienced in this case study. To address this gap, Australian policies and services need to embrace a strength-based approach to addressing the complexity of behavioural and neighbourhood problems holistically.

AbstractMultidisciplinary perspectives in informing complex policies are critical, but ineffectual when diverse differences are not adequately represented. Using multicriteria analysis, potential heterogeneity of key expert preferences for 19 drug interventions in Hong Kong was examined. Significant differences in preferences were found among academics, health professionals, and law enforcers regarding drug testing, and a range of law enforcement, harm reduction, and treatment interventions. The weighted consensual preference reveals overall support for preventative and treatment strategies, with decriminalization, needle syringe programmes, reactive policing strategies, and drug testing seen as less favourable. The results assist policymakers in understanding the profound knowledge our experts possess and building robust policy that is informed by empirical evidence generated from a commonly used method in the decision sciences. Importantly, these results can inform the development of targeted institutional and criminal justice policies aimed at mitigating the adverse harms and consequences of drug involvement.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- 1 The complexity of measuring indigenous wellbeing -- Why the handbook -- Handbook structure -- 2 Understanding wellbeing -- The importance of wellbeing -- Theories of wellbeing -- Hedonistic theories of wellbeing -- Objective list theories of wellbeing -- The capabilities approach -- Wellbeing and its multidimensionality -- Empirical approaches to measuring wellbeing -- Understanding Indigenous wellbeing -- Indigenous context -- Domains of wellbeing -- Physical wellbeing -- Social and emotional wellbeing -- Economic wellbeing -- Cultural and spiritual wellbeing -- Subjective wellbeing -- References -- Part I Physical wellbeing -- 3 Health and physical wellbeing of the Sámi people -- Introduction -- History and health -- Current health issues and physical wellbeing in Sápmi -- Cancer -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Other somatic diseases -- Musculoskeletal disorders -- Discussion -- References -- 4 Chronic disease among Native North Americans -- Introduction -- Historical context -- Traditional lifestyle and culture -- Colonial period to present day -- Historical trauma -- Present-day barriers impacting health and wellbeing -- Poverty -- Health insurance -- Access to medical care -- Access to healthy food -- Lifestyle, health and wellbeing -- Epidemiologic transition -- Nutrition transition -- Dietary intake in Native North Americans today -- Physical activity transition -- Chronic disease -- Obesity and metabolic syndrome -- Cardiovascular disease -- Type 2 diabetes -- Cancer -- Interventions, programs and policies -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Changing concepts of wellness among the Swahili of Lamu Town, Kenya -- Introduction -- Achieving wellness -- A case study of medical pluralism.

AbstractDrug policy has been subjected to much scrutiny from different stakeholder groups who present sometimes very different opinions on solutions to address a problem. Reconciling such differences, that are underpinned by both anecdotal and empirical evidence, is a priority yet to be fully achieved. In this study, we examine: (i) whether differences exist among actor groups regarding their perceived importance in policymaking; (ii) whether those who dominate the decision process value the input of laypeople or minority actors; and (iii) whether differences exist, with regard to i and ii, between study sites (i.e. Australia and Hong Kong) that have markedly different drug strategies. Overall, differential preference weightings between dominant groups reveal a strong influence of political orientation. Results suggest that decisions made by health professionals were regarded as the most important, while most of the respondent groups gave a low preference toward policy decisions made by law enforcers. Dominant groups also tend to discount the inputs of laypeople and other minority groups. Our study highlights the importance for policy actor groups to consider such a differential weighting of inputs when synthesising knowledge and gathering opinions for the development of drug policy.

Abstract
In this study we examine how the process of crime detection by frontline and investigative police can be modified so that the same level of policing inputs (i.e. police strength) can produce more outcomes (i.e. crime detection rate). A pooled frontier analysis method is used to measure the relative efficiency of 18 police districts in Hong Kong from 2007 to 2015 (n = 18 districts × 9 years = 162 decision making units (DMUs)), demonstrating variable returns-to-scale. Findings reveal that 95 of the 162 DMUs were found to be inefficient compared to the benchmark DMUs (those police districts identified by the Free Disposable Hull (FDH) approach as efficient) with an average FDH efficiency score of 95.37 out of a possible score of 100. Efficient districts provide an exemplar on how an inefficient district could achieve an optimal input–output translation for the detection of crime. This evidence can be used to shape police policy at the district level. This study represents the first frontier analysis of police efficiency in the detection of crime in Hong Kong using the most recent efficiency technique. We produce evidence that can inform police policy regarding the deployment of finite resources that improve the efficiency of detection without compromising other institutional targets.

It is well documented that alcohol-related problems compromise individual and social health, and wellbeing (Homel, McIlwain & Carvolth 2004). However, much of the burden of such problems is initially born by first response and public emergency services including police, ambulance and hospital emergency departments (Collins & Lapsley 2002). The individual harms are numerous, including premature death, loss of enjoyment and loss of social utility through fear of crime and victimisation (ADCA 2000). Further, alcohol misuse is a problem for business that suffers due to lost worker productivity and absenteeism (Collins & Lapsley 2002). The misuse of alcohol, particularly among those most at risk in our community, presents a major challenge for all levels of government. How to effectively and efficiently moderate the high costs associated with risky drinking behaviour (eg binge drinking or drinking in high-risk areas such as entertainment districts) by young people has been a recent focus of policymakers. Not all alcohol use represents misuse; rather, misuse comprises use that is above the recommended limits in particular contexts (such as driving or use of equipment), use at levels that leads to health-related problems and use that has reached the level where dependency exists (NHS UK 2013). Results from a national-level study on the societal costs of alcohol-related problems in Australia are presented. These costs are based on 2010 data supplied from various agencies (eg Australian policing services, Australian Bureau of Statistics) and empirical evidence from peer-reviewed published papers. Incident data, together with estimates of rate of occurrence (eg percentage of all incidents attended by police that were found to be alcohol related) from empirical studies and cost estimates from past literature are used to generate a total cost estimate. All costs are adjusted where necessary to reflect present value in 2010 Australian dollars. The results include costs to the criminal justice system, costs to the health system, costs resulting from lost productivity and costs related to alcohol-related road accidents. They do not include self-reported assessments of costs (cf Laslett et al. 2010) but rather verifiable costs from objective sources. As such, the costs reported here can be regarded as conservative.

The etiology of illicit substance involvement is a multidimensional problem shaped by factors across individual, social, and environmental domains. In this study, a multicriteria framework is employed to incorporate the input of specialists regarding risk and protective factors and the effectiveness of alternative interventions to mitigate the adverse harms and consequences associated with adolescent drug initiation and subsequent use. Using a seven-stage drug use continuum (nonuse, priming, initial use, experimental use, occasional use, regular use, and dysfunctional use), experts rate social and environmental factors as the most important from nonuse to occasional use. Experts often support preventive and harm-minimizing strategies to interrupt the progression of drug involvement and accumulation of drug-related harms among adolescents. Compared with preferable interventions, less preferable options (e.g., drug testing/monitoring) are considered to have a negative policy impact on key social, environmental, and drug dimension domains, which tend to override their positive impacts on other areas.

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is considered the next technological revolution. IoT devices include once everyday objects that are now internet connected, such as smart locks and smart fridges, but also new types of devices to include home assistants. However, while this increased interconnectivity brings considerable benefits, it can and does increase people's exposure to crime risk. This is particularly the case as most devices are developed without security in mind. One reason for this is that there is little incentive for manufacturers to make devices secure by design, and the costs of so doing do not encourage it. The principle aim of the current paper was to estimate the extent to which consumers are willing to pay for improved security in internet connected products. The second aim was to examine whether this is conditioned by their exposure to security-related information. Using an experimental design, and a contingent valuation method, we find that people are willing to pay for improved security and that for some devices, this increases if they are exposed to information about security prior to stating their willingness to pay. The implications of our findings for industry and the secure by design agenda are discussed.

AbstractThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have predicted with high confidence that the risk of bushfires will increase in the future. As this risk increases, so too does the need for appropriate policy responses. In developing these responses, costs need to be weighed against benefits. To fully appreciate the benefits of bushfire risk mitigation policies and strengthen the development of social policies around such events, it is necessary to include the psychological cost of experiencing these events. In this study, we employ the 'life satisfaction approach' to place a monetary estimate on the cost of Australia's Black Saturday bushfires (Australia's worst bushfires on record). Results reveal that the bushfires significantly reduce self‐reported levels of life satisfaction, with an implied willingness‐to‐pay of AUD 2,991 in terms of annual household income, or AUD 1,039 per capita, to reduce by one percent the extent to which an individual's immediate local area was affected by the Black Saturday bushfires. In doing so, we identify an apparent gap between current levels of expenditure on bushfire response and mitigation, and that amount which (with the inclusion of associated social benefits) would be welfare maximising.