Armed Force in the Teispid-Achaemenid Empire: Past Approaches, Future Prospects
In: Oriens et Occidens 32
Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliographic Abbreviations and Editions of Sources -- Philological Abbreviations and Transliteration Conventions -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: A History of Research -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Early Classical Scholarship: Delbrück, Meyer, and the Specialists -- 1.3 Broad Works 1962-1983: Hignett, Burn, Green, Rahe -- 1.4 Alternatives to the Classical Tradition -- 1.5 The Achaemenid History Workshops and the Encyclopaedia Iranica -- 1.6 Western and Eastern Ways of War -- 1.7 Hellenistic Warfare as Cultural Synthesis -- 1.8 The First Monographs: Bittner, Head, and Sekunda -- 1.9 Scholarship Since 1992 -- 1.10 Achaemenid Army Studies, Roman Army Studies, and Early Greek Warfare -- 1.11 Aims of the Work -- 1.12 Scope of the Work -- Chapter 2: The Ancestors of Achaemenid Armies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Setting the Scope -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.4 The Scale of Warfare -- 2.5 Origin of Soldiers -- 2.6 Types of Troops -- 2.7 Life on Campaign -- 2.8 Combat Mechanics -- 2.9 Technology -- 2.10 Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Kings at War: The Perspective of the Royal Inscriptions -- 3.1 The Cyrus Cylinder and Babylonian Royal Inscriptions -- 3.2 Teispid Ideology -- 3.3 Achaemenid Ideology -- 3.4 Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Commoners at War: the Perspective of Letters and Documents -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodological Problems Posed by Documents -- 4.3 UCP 9/3 269 ff.: The Gadal-Jâma Contract -- 4.4 The Ḫaṭru Organizations -- 4.5 Soldiers Outside the Ḫaṭru Organizations -- 4.6 Service and Substitution -- 4.7 Ethnicity and Service -- 4.8 Bowmen, Horsemen, and Charioteers -- 4.9 Equipping the Troops -- 4.10 The Muster at Uruk -- 4.11 Life Ina Madākti -- 4.12 Theories of Decline -- 4.13 Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Material Remains: The Perspective of Archaeology -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Obstacles -- 5.3 Notable Sites.