Suchergebnisse

An evaluation of the effects of a turbulent security environment on foreign tourists' plans to visit the Middle East, 1967-1990. While minor security incidents may only decrease tourist flows toward a particular country, major crises (eg, the 1973 Yom Kippur war or the 1990 Persian Gulf war) can impact the entire region, or even upset global economic balances. The various risks to travelers in Middle Eastern countries & the major security events emerging from 23 years of the Arab-Israeli conflict are taublated. Tourist inflows to an inner ring of Middle Eastern countries (Israel, Syria, Jordan, & Egypt) are compared to those in an outer ring with no role in the region's conflicts (Turkey, Greece, & Cyprus). Relative shifts in market share of tourist revenues, as well as decline & recovery phases in the tourist revenue cycles for both rings of countries, are also examined. It is found that, in a macro perspective, the Arab-Israeli conflict has not discouraged potential tourists of inner-ring countries; further, outer-ring countries have been immune to regional conflicts in neighboring countries, except when those conflicts had detrimental spill-over effects with global impact. A difference in marketing potential for the region's countries is shown to vary with the severity of security disruptions in the particular country. 5 Tables, 6 Figures. J. Sadler

The socio-political unrest known as the "Arab Spring" has left its imprint on the tourism sector of the Arab region. This paper explores first the effects of the Arab Spring on the macro-tourism performance of selected Arab countries, both oil and non-oil, using official tourism and macro-economic statistical data. Subsequently, it examines the policies and strategies adopted by the Arab governments in order to mitigate the evolving tourism crisis in the non-oil Arab states. Finally, it examines the relationships between the non-oil and GCC countries with respect to the tourism trends characterizing the Arab World since the outbreak of the, so-called, Arab Spring. It concluded that the tourism "pain" of the non-oil Arab countries became the "gain" of the GCC countries, which have been perceived by both intra-regional and international tourists as safer to visit. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the future tourism prospects for both the non-oil and the GCC countries. Assuming that the socio-political unrest accompanied by safety and security threat to tourists in some of the non-oil Arab countries will prevail at least in the foreseeable future, the paper points at further research directions in order to monitor these future trends.

The Turkish & Greek Cypriots became internally displaced within the borders of Cyprus in two different periods & in two different ways. Both communities constitute co-national refugees -- an outcome of intercommunal conflict in 1958 & in 1960-1963 (the Turkish community) & the Turkish occupation of 1974 (the Greek community). These two communities are compared to each other & to other groups of co-national refugees. The Turkish Cypriots were event-alienated anticipatory refugees who moved to their self-imposed enclaves before military action was taken against them. The Greek Cypriots became acute refugees by the 1974 invasion. Their flight was in groups & they expected to return to their homes. The Turkish Cypriot refugees consider their migration to the North as permanent movement. Because of this position, all measures & policies adopted in the North by the Turkish Cypriots aimed at a quick & permanent solution for the Turkish refugees. The Greek Cypriot refugees & the de jure government of Cyprus emphasized the temporary nature of the process; the myth of return was reinforced, hence delaying integration of the Greek Cypriots. 53 References. Adapted from the source document.

Containing original and previously unpublished theoretical and empirical studies, Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism will give professionals, professors, and researchers in the field up-to-date insight and information on trends, happenings, and findings in the international hospitality business arena. A great resource for educators, this book is complete with learning objectives, concept definitions, and even review questions at the end of each chapter. From this book, readers will understand and learn the needs and preferences of tourists and how to investigate the process of destination

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Photos -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Pilgrimage: Global Patterns and the Pilgrimage to the Holy Land -- Pilgrimage - The Global Look -- Pilgrimage to the Holy Land -- Summary -- Chapter 2 Anatomy of Israeli Tourism Crises -- Introduction -- Tourism and Security - A Theoretical Framework -- An Analysis of Israel's Tourism Crises, 1967-2004 -- A Detailed Analysis of the "Second Intifada" Crisis -- Summary of the Anatomy of Israeli Tourism Crises -- Chapter 3 Research Design, Methodology and Sample -- The Pre-Research Design -- The Final Research Design -- Methods -- The Survey: Personal Characteristics of the Catholic and Protestant - Pilgrim Groups who Visit Israel at Times of Security Crisis -- Chapter 4 The Behavioral Aspects of the Sacred Journey: The Inner World of Religious Tourists at Times of Security Crisis -- Self-Classification (Self Image or Self-Portrayal), "Commnunitas", Church Affiliation Preparations and Planning of the Pilgrimage -- Catholic and Protestant Pilgrims' Motivations and Expectations of their Sacred Journey to the Holy Land -- Summary -- Chapter 5 Attitudes, Images and Perception of Israel and the Holy Land: Between the Sacred and the Profane -- The Pilgrims' Image of the Holy Land -- Current Political Attitudes of Catholic and Protestant Pilgrims Towards the Holy Land -- Attitudes and Feelings about Security in the Holy Land/Israel -- Knowledge and Images of Contemporary Israel -- Summary -- Chapter 6 The Sacred Landscape: Pilgrimage Geography, Experience, Perception and Behavior in the Christian Terra Sancta -- Instrumental, Technical and Organizational Frameworks of Pilgrimage Trips to Israel -- Sacred Places: The Geography, the Experience of Pilgrimage, and the Behavior and Perception of the Pilgrims