This research aims to explain current Myanmar political instability due to the recent military coup d'état on February 1, 2021 led by General Senior Min Aung Hlaing follow with Aung San Suu Kyi and other pro-democracy elite leaders arrests. Domestically, up to present time, after the military coup, most Burmese supporters of Myanmar's democratization such medical doctors, teachers, traders, civilian political leaders, and university students balked and staged massive demonstrations against the military coup and demanded the return of civilian government authority by the military junta government. This research revealed that this unexpected Myanmar phenomenal political situation has impact on Southeast Asia regional security and ASEAN Unity.
This research aims to explain current Myanmar political instability due to the recent military coup d'état on February 1, 2021, led by General Senior Min Aung Hlaing follow with Aung San Suu Kyi and other pro-democracy elite leaders arrests. Domestically, up to present time, after the military coup, most Burmese supporters of Myanmar's democratization such medical doctors, teachers, engineers, traders, civilian political leaders, and university students balked and staged massive demonstrations against the military coup and demanded the return of civilian government authority by the military junta government. Indonesia and other ASEAN countries will never allow the Myanmar military junta to rule until elections are held to bring the country back to the democratic path, one of which is by having a representative government. This research revealed that this unexpected Myanmar phenomenal political situation has impact on Southeast Asia regional security and ASEAN Unity.
Reelection of Shinzo Abe as Prime Minister provides a favorable climate for both Donald Trump's first presidential visit to Japan and an improvement of Chinese-Japanese-U.S. bilateral relations. In the 22 October 2017 ballot, Abe's dominant Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and its coalition partner Komeito, secured a two-thirds majority in the House of Representatives, the lower house of Japan's bicameral legislature. The coalition already holds a supermajority, required for amending the constitution, in the upper house. It justified Abe for calling the national elections a year earlier than needed to secure a public mandate for addressing the growing North Korean threat and to validate popular support for deepening national economic reforms, which have had recent success in boosting Japan's growth rate and the stock market. Still the outcome gave Abe a mandate for his policies. However, his stewardship was unclear as several other factors contributed to LDP's overwhelming victory. At the structural level, Japan's first past the post-electoral system tends to amplify electoral wins in comparison to proportional representation systems. Abe's foreign and security policies highly charged with ideological revisionism contain the potential to shift Japan onto a new international trajectory in East Asia. Its degree of articulation and energy makes for a doctrine capable of displacing the Yoshida Doctrine that has been Japan's dominant grand strategy in the post-war period. Abe will remain pragmatic and not challenge the status quo. However, Abe has already begun to introduce radical policies that appear to transform national security, US-Japan alliance ties and relations with China and East Asia. The Abe Doctrine is dynamic but high risk. Abe's revisionism contains fundamental contradictions that may ultimately limit national effectiveness.
This article is to examine the increasing development of the bilateral trade relations between the Republic of Indonesia and the Russian Federation. Also it aims at studying the Indonesia-Russia trade relations on Indonesia's national security. Thus, in pursuit of its national interest, Indonesia is working very hard to further strengthen its bilateral trade relations with Russia. Marking the 50 year old relationship in the beginning of the 21st century, the two countries have booked an increasing trade in their relations. This research employed qualitative research methods featuring descriptive analysis of the data on the bilateral relations within "The Framework of Friendly and Partnership in the 21st century". Therefore, the author exposed the works of two main consultation mechanisms, namely the Indonesian-Russian Joint Commission on Trade, Economic and Technical Cooperation and the Joint Commission on Military Technical Cooperation under the President Megawati Sukarnoputri administration (2003 - 2004), succeeded by the 1st team of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004 -2009) and the 2nd team of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2009-2014), and President Joko Widodo (2014 - present). An increase is recorded in the overall trade relations of the two countries. Nevertheless, Indonesia still suffered from trade deficit. In addition, the Indonesian defense capability has increased.
The Russia Federation is global actor in applying strict policies against the Ukraine. In pursuing the state's political goals from Moscow, the escalation of military operations in 2014 defined the way the state behaves. Through a combination of military and non-military operations, Russia is now slowly regaining its power through the annexation of the Crimea. The effectiveness of this method is used to determine Russia's contemporary warfare strategy. It thus explains how Russia's foreign policy and defense policy from 2000 to 2013 has dependence on Ukraine's strategic environment on Russia, and Russia's national interest in Ukraine. The main focus of this paper is on the achievement of Russia's political objectives in its military operation in Ukraine and analysis on Russia's national security components that significantly influence the interaction of this asymmetric conflict. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Federasi Rusia merupakan aktor global yang menerapkan kebijakan tegas terhadap Ukraina. Guna mencapai tujuan politik nasional Rusia yang dikendalikan dari Moskwa, melalui operasi militer di tahun 2014, didefinisikan bagaimana negara tersebut berperilaku. Melalui kombinasi operasi militer dan non-militer, Rusia secara perlahan memperoleh kekuasaan melalui aneksasi Krimea. Efektivitas metoda ini dipergunakan untuk menentukan strategi perang Rusia saat ini. Dengan demikian menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan luar negeri dan kebijakan pertahanan Rusia dari tahun 2000 hingga 2013 yang memiliki ketergantungan pada lingkungan strategis Ukraina terhadap Rusia, dan kepentingan nasional Rusia pada Ukraina. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah pencapaian tujuan politik Rusia dalam operasi militer yang dilaksanakan di Ukraina dan menganalisa komponen keamanan nasional Rusia yang signifikan mempengaruhi interaksi konflik asimetrik.
Somalia experienced 19 (nineteen) years for food crisis problem since 1992, and reached its peak in 2011. The crisis worsened by long standing conflict in the country combined with climate change, with the result that United Nations declared Somalia to be famine in 2011. The food crisis has driven world's attention, especially non-governmental organizations concern on humanitarian issues, such as Oxfam International. In 1992, Oxfam International engaged to overcome food crisis and continue sustainable participation in addressing food crisis in 2011.Oxfam International cooperate with the local communities in Somalia by building water sanitation, providing clean water,delivering assistances such as foods, medicines, and also providing cash money. Oxfam International also supports and trains local people, especially farmers in agriculture, so they can produce food. By trained local farmers, it can help produce enough food to feed the population and reduce the possibility of famine in Somalia. The objective of this research is to explain the Oxfam International leading role in doing proactive involvement for humanitarian aids in Africa. The analysis is done based on the role of international non-governmental organization to handling the issue of food security in Somalia. To conclude, Oxfam International has shown meaningful efforts to give long- term impact on solving food insecurity problem in Somalia.
Gagasan Poros Maritim Dunia Indonesia harus dibangun lewat konsepsi yang kuat dan implementatif secara ekonomi politik internasional.Konsepsi itu dapat menjadi arah, kaidah pokok dan paradigma bersama semua pemangku kepentingan untuk memosisikan Indonesia sebagai negara inti dan pusat gravitasi ekonomi kemaritiman dunia. Ada tiga terobosan yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah, yaitu: Pertama, di level global, Indonesia mampu menjadi negara inti kemaritiman dunia karena letak geografisnya yang strategis dan dukungan kekayaan sumber daya alam maritim sebagai sektor basis, dimana sektor basis non-maritim sebagai bagian pendukung poros maritim dunia yang mampu mempengaruhi sistem internasional (geostrategic); Kedua, di level regional, pemerintah perlu menetapkan pusat-pusat gravitasi ekonomi maritim diikuti dengan penentuan sektor berbasis komoditas barang dan jasa bernilai vital dan strategis dalam dinamika ekonomi internasional dan perdagangan regional (geoeconomics). PMD Indonesia harus dikondisikan untuk saling mendukung dengan jalur sutra maritim Tiongkok; Ketiga, di level nasional, PMD Indonesia harus mampu membangun dan memberdayakan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir yang menetap di wilayah perbatasan dengan negara tetangga dan pulau-pulau terluar.Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia harus menuju kedaulatan ekonomi politik di lautan Nusantara sesuai amanat Pasal 33 UUD 1945 (geopolitics).
This study aims to elaborate potential effects of a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) on the trading of goods and services between the European Union (EU) and Indonesia addressing issues considered to be impeding the conclusion of CEPA negotiations. Suppose the agreement between the EU and Indonesia improve economic relations while creating benefits for both. Indonesia and the EU began negotiation on the CEPA preparation in 2012. The CEPA has been presented as having the ability to help both parties take full advantage of unexploited economic relations. The CEPA is expected to be a comprehensive agreement discussing various aspects of economic relations and moved beyond being a simple agreement for removing trade barriers. The liberalization of international trade in goods remains to be an important aspect of the CEPA, investment promotion and facilitation, the improvement of trade in services, and the creation of improved competition policy practices would promote greater economic relations. Indonesia expects three major contributions from the CEPA, i.e.: First, the most obvious one relates to promotion of increased trade between Indonesia and the EU. The agreement's focus on trade liberalization will increase the intensity of trade relations by lowering trade barriers, and by facilitating trade; Second, expected contribution concerns the impact of liberalization on trade and investments in services; Third, enhanced technological advance and skills transfer in the goods, services and investment. A free trade agreement between the EU and Indonesia provides a more stable, balanced, and long-term framework to enhance trade and investment. Keywords: the EU, Indonesia, CEPA, liberalization, free trade Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan potensi efek dari Perjanjian Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif (CEPA) mengenai perdagangan barang dan jasa antara Uni Eropa dan Indonesia, dan dalam penanganan isu-isu utama yang dianggap dapat menghambat perundingan CEPA. Seharusnya kesepakatan antara Uni Eropa dan Indonesia akan memperbaiki dinamika hubungan ekonomi yang ada, sekaligus menciptakan berbagai manfaat bagi keduanya. Indonesia dan Uni Eropa mulai melakukan negosiasi persiapan CEPA di tahun 2012. CEPA digambarkan memampukan kedua belah pihak memanfaatkan sepenuhnya hubungan ekonomi yang tidak saling mengeksploitasi hubungan ekonomi antara Uni Eropa dan Indonesia. CEPA diharapkan menjadi kesepakatan komprehensif dalam membahas berbagai aspek hubungan ekonomi tersebut, dan karenanya telah melampaui kesepakatan sederhana untuk penghapusan hambatan perdagangan. Sementara liberalisasi perdagangan internasional barang tetap sebagai aspek penting CEPA, promosi investasi dan fasilitasi, peningkatan perdagangan jasa, dan penciptaan praktik kebijakan persaingan yang lebih baik dalam promosi hubungan ekonomi yang lebih luas. Indonesia berharap adanya tiga kontribusi utama dari CEPA, yaitu: Pertama, yang paling nyata berkaitan dengan promosi peningkatan perdagangan antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa. Fokus kesepakatan pada liberalisasi perdagangan dapat meningkatkan intensitas hubungan perdagangan dengan menurunkan berbagai hambatan dagang, dan dengan memfasilitasi perdagangan; Kedua, kontribusi CEPA diharapkan berdampak pada liberalisasi perdagangan dan investasi jasa; Ketiga, peningkatan kemajuan teknologi dan keterampilan di sektor barang, jasa dan investasi. Adanya perjanjian perdagangan bebas (FTA) antara Uni Eropa dan Indonesia akan memberikan kerangka kerjasama yang lebih stabil, seimbang, dan berjangka panjang dalam peningkatan hubungan perdagangan dan investasi antar kawasan. Kata kunci: Uni Eropa, Indonesia, Perjanjian Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif (CEPA), liberalisasi, pasar bebas
