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El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar y comparar la actitud hacia el bienestar animal de estudiantes de los Grados de Educación Primaria e Infantil y de personas mayores de sesenta años jubiladas pertenecientes a Centros de Participación Activa, a través del cuestionario AWA (Animal Welfare Attitude), siendo la primera vez que se estudia la actitud de este último grupo. Los resultados han mostrado que existen diferencias significativas en la actitud hacia el bienestar animal en función de los grupos de pertenencia señalados y del género. La actitud recogida ha sido favorable en general, pero la más favorable es la del grupo de estudiantes, lo que resulta positivo teniendo en cuenta que en un futuro cercano tendrá la responsabilidad de ejercer su profesión en las aulas.

Joint pain is a common clinical problem for which both inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases are major causes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the behavioral, histological, and neurochemical alterations associated with joint pain. The murine model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was used to induce joint pain in knockout mice for CB1 (CB1KO) and CB2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2KO) and transgenic mice overexpressing CB2 receptors (CB2xP). In addition, we evaluated the changes induced by MIA in gene expression of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors in the lumbar spinal cord of these mice. Wild-type mice, as well as CB1KO, CB2KO, and CB2xP mice, developed mechanical allodynia in the ipsilateral paw after MIA intra-articular injection. CB1KO and CB2KO demonstrated similar levels of mechanical allodynia of that observed in wild-type mice in the ipsilateral paw, whereas allodynia was significantly attenuated in CB2xP. Interestingly, CB2KO displayed a contralateral mirror image of pain developing mechanical allodynia also in the contralateral paw. All mouse lines developed similar histological changes after MIA intra-articular injection. Nevertheless, MIA intra-articular injection produced specific changes in the expression of cannabinoid and opioid receptor genes in lumbar spinal cord sections that were further modulated by the genetic alteration of the cannabinoid receptor system. These results revealed that CB2 receptor plays a predominant role in the control of joint pain manifestations and is involved in the adaptive changes induced in the opioid system under this pain state. ; This work was supported by the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación" (#SAF2007-64062), "Instituto de Salud Carlos III" (RETICS- Red de Trastornos Adictivos-Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: #RD06/0001/0001, #RD06/0001/1004), Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (PNSD #2009/026), the Catalan Government (SGR2009-00131), the ICREA Foundation (ICREA Academia-2008), the DG Research of the European Commission (GENADDICT, # LSHM-CT-2004-05166, and PHECOMP, # LSHM-CT-2007-037669), CENIT program (CEN-20061005) from/nthe "Centro para el Desarollo Technológico Industrial" from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Carmen La Porta (C.L.P) is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education. Auxiliadora Aracil-Fernández (A.A.F., predoctoral fellow) and Analía Rico (A.R., technician) are supported by RETICS. The partial support of FEDER funds (EU) is also acknowledged

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder that produces a dramaticglobal health burden worldwide. Not effective treatment of drug addiction is currently available probably due to the difficulties to find an appropriate target to manage this complex disease raising the needs for further identification of novel therapeutic approaches. The endocannabinoid system has been found to play a crucial role in the neurobiological substrate underlying drug addiction. Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors are widely expressed in the main areas of the mesocorticolimbic system that participate in the initiation and maintenance of drug consumption and in the development of compulsion and loss of behavioral control occurring during drug addiction. The identification of the important role played by CB1 cannabinoid receptors in drug addiction encouraged the possible used of an early commercialized CB1 receptor antagonist for treating drug addiction. However, the incidence of serious psychiatric adverse events leaded to the sudden withdrawal from the market of this CB1 antagonist and all the research programs developed by pharmaceutical companies to obtain new CB1 antagonists were stopped. Currently, new research strategies are under development to target the endocannabinoid system for drug addiction avoiding these side effects, which include allosteric negative modulators of CB1 receptors and compounds targeting CB2 receptors. Recent studies showing the potential role of CB2 receptors in the addictive properties of different drugs of abuse have open a promising research opportunity to develop novel possible therapeutic approaches. ; We acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish MINECO (#SAF2017-84060-R-AEI/FEDER-UE), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-RETICS(##RD16/0017/0020), Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad-Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas (#PNSD-2017I068), and the Generalitat de Catalunya-AGAUR ((#2017-SGR-669 and #ICREA Acadèmia2015) and the European Commission-DG RTD (#FP7-HEALTH-F2-2013-602891-NeuroPain) to RM. FEDER funding support is also acknowledged. This work was supported by Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISC-III) and European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU) (RD16/0017/0012), The Basque Government (BCG IT764-13) and MINECO/FEDER, UE(SAF2015-65034-R) to PG. This research was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RETICS, RD12/0028/0019, RD16/0017/0014 and RD06/0001/1004), Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas (PNSD 2016/016 and 2007/061), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FIS, PI14/00438) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2008-01106) to JM

This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota and Immunity. ; Alcohol binge drinking (BD) and poor nutritional habits are two frequent behaviors among many adolescents that alter gut microbiota in a pro-inflammatory direction. Dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiome are observed after alcohol and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, even before obesity onset. In this study, we investigate the neuroinflammatory response of adolescent BD when combined with a continuous or intermittent HFD and its effects on adult ethanol consumption by using a self-administration (SA) paradigm in mice. The inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and CX3CL1 were measured in the striatum 24 h after BD, 3 weeks later and after the ethanol (EtOH) SA. Adolescent BD increased alcohol consumption in the oral SA and caused a greater motivation to seek the substance. Likewise, mice with intermittent access to HFD exhibited higher EtOH consumption, while the opposite effect was found in mice with continuous HFD access. Biochemical analyses showed that after BD and three weeks later, striatal levels of IL-6 and CX3CL1 were increased. In addition, in saline-treated mice, CX3CL1 was increased after continuous access to HFD. After oral SA procedure, striatal IL-6 was increased only in animals exposed to BD and HFD. In addition, striatal CX3CL1 levels were increased in all BD- and HFD-exposed groups. Overall, our findings show that adolescent BD and intermittent HFD increase adult alcohol intake and point to neuroinflammation as an important mechanism modulating this interaction. ; This research was funded by Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Affairs and Equality, Government Delegation for the National Drugs Plan (2018/013 to MRA and PNSD 2016I016 to JMa); Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Educación, Dirección General de Universidades, Grupos de Investigación de excelencia, PROMETEOII/2018/132 to JMi; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad' (FIS, PI14/00438) to JMa. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RD16/0017/0007 to JMi) and Unión Europea, Fondos FEDER "una manera de hacer Europa". ; Peer reviewed

El presente artículo pretende vislumbrar si los centros de educación infantil de la ciudad de Córdoba tienen huerto escolar, las razones por las que carecen en su caso, y si conocen las técnicas de planificación, diseño e implementación. Para analizar la existencia del huerto se realizaron 93 encuestas telefónicas, obteniéndose que más de un 50 % de los centros no tenían, ya sea por falta de espacio, por no habérselo planteado o por falta de conocimientos. Casi el 70 % de los centros sin huerto alegaron no conocer las técnicas. Con estos resultados, queda justificado el objetivo de formar al alumnado de Grado en Educación Infantil sobre este recurso. En este caso, la iniciativa educativa presentada consistió en la preparación de huertos portátiles o reproducibles en cualquier espacio exterior.