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AbstractWhat is the work of time on a marriage, and how does it transform people as they struggle to change and leave traces on others? Through reflections of middle‐class women in Pakistan who married men who did not share their religious aspirations, I focus on how difference is negotiated and conceived in these marriages, and on the unexpected outcomes in the religious outlook of both spouses. The work of time, articulated through the concept of sabar (forbearance), emerges here as a canvas for a confluence of human and nonhuman interventions, influences, and motivations, urging us to think of individual agency neither as autonomous action, as theorized in the liberal tradition, nor as wilful submission, as elaborated in Islamic contexts. Rather, agency, the capacity to assert one's own visions and hopes, depends on the malleability and openness of persons to time, leaving those who desire change in others equally exposed to transformation.

Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) occupied a unique place in the Indian federal structure as encoded in Article 370 of the Indian constitution. Incorporating Art. 370 in Indian Constitution reflected the recognition of the unique history and circumstances of J&K's accession to India. However, the article proved a roadblock in the Indian state's march to dictate and structure the politics of the state subservient to the perceived national interest, hence the unfailing attempts to gradually dilute it culminating in its total abrogation recently. The paper attempts at deconstructing the Indian state's preoccupation with weakening Art. 370 by arguing that it represented the project of extending homogenization with the ultimate objective of exercising maximum control in a security-sensitive border state. The paper contends that the efforts at homogenization proved counterproductive; it far from bringing stability has caused more political fragility in the state, thus feeding the very dynamics that it has been seeking to contain. In conclusion, the paper offers deepening federalization as the likely pacifier for the festering conflict.

Ahmet T. Kuru, Islam, Authoritarianism and Underdevelopment: A Global and Historical Comparison (Cambridge University Press, 2019). pp. 323. ISBN: 9781108419093 paperback (£26.99).

Wani, Aijaz A. 2019. What Happened to Governance in Kashmir? New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 387 pp. $13.63 (hardcover). ISBN: 9780199487608.

As the population growing, a large amount of food waste is produced with an increase in population and therefore, increasing industrial processes in order to fulfill the demand of such a big population. However, there is not a proper rules and regulations for this waste management. Whereas current legislations on food waste treatment priorities the prevention of waste rather than its use. Food waste is a reservoir of adequate quantities of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nutraceuticals. Some recent studies for food supply chain waste pave the way for the production of biofuels, enzymes, bioactive compounds, and nanoparticles.

Sidharthan Maunaguru. 2019. Marrying for a Future: Transnational Sri Lankan Tamil Marriages in the Shadow of War. Global South Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press. xii + 188 pp. Figures, notes, bibliography, index. US$30 (paperback).

Hospital is one of the most important and beneficial public services in the world, therefore, these facilities should be located in a rational manner. Increasing the population of countries particularly developing countries and remote areas leads to the demand for new public health facilities and hospitals. No matter who provides the healthcare facilities, the most important issue is where to locate a new hospital to provide, both facility location and attractiveness. Hospital proper site selection has a vital role in hospital construction and management. From the aspect of the government and healthcare organization, appropriate hospital site selection will help optimize the allocation of medical resources, matching the provision of health care with the social and economic demands. From the aspect of the investors and operators of the hospital, optimum hospital site selection will definitely be cost-saving on capital strategy. On the other hand, establishing a hospital in urban districts has its own positive and negative consequences. The positive impacts of establishing a hospital in an area are that it increases property value in the neighboring periphery as well as improving healthrelated accessibility for the residents of that urban district. The negative impacts of establishing a hospital in an area are negative side-effects such as environmental contamination and inducing new waves of traffic flow. Then, the adjacent community is impacted by forms of increased traffic flow, increased emergency vehicle usage in residential areas. Therefore, in hospital site selection should be tried to reduce the negative impacts. Then, main aim of this paper is to select a site for the building of a new hospital in Iskandar Malaysia using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) with consideration of various factor criteria, and constraint criteria in order to balance the medical resource there.

Maritime piracy in the Somali territorial waters has been the focus of attention of international society for at least twelve years, and indeed the crime of piracy threatens international peace and security in a region through which half of the world's crude oil passes. In the three-decade absence of a Somali State, intervention by the Security Council is required to suppress such crimes and ensure freedom of maritime navigation. The Council resolutions based on Chapter VII of the UN Charter call for the Member States of the United Nations to arrest and bring to trial those accused of piracy before national courts. It is necessary for the States that are involved in anti-Somali piracy efforts to incorporate the principle of universal jurisdiction into their national laws and adopt new laws criminalizing modern piracy, which is outside the traditional notion of piracy stipulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982.

European Union passed a resolution in 2002, which bound all the listed companies and firms and required the consolidated and simple accounts to use Financial Reporting Standards starting from January 2005. It will improve firm performance and will have an influence on the information environment for the listed firms. This study provides empirical and theoretical literature regarding the adoption of IFRS, accounting Conservatism and firm performance. This paper provides different theories that discuss the impact of IFRS and accounting conservatism on a firm performance that includes positive accounting theory, modernization theory, contingency theory, and world system theory.