As the population growing, a large amount of food waste is produced with an increase in population and therefore, increasing industrial processes in order to fulfill the demand of such a big population. However, there is not a proper rules and regulations for this waste management. Whereas current legislations on food waste treatment priorities the prevention of waste rather than its use. Food waste is a reservoir of adequate quantities of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nutraceuticals. Some recent studies for food supply chain waste pave the way for the production of biofuels, enzymes, bioactive compounds, and nanoparticles.
The paper identifies the role of top management as a moderator during planning, monitoring, controlling, and evaluation phases for the success of a project. This study also discusses the novelties of the coordination between role of top management and legitimate power of project manager as significant impact on project performance and success during project life cycle phases. The instrument is adapted to measure planning, monitoring, controlling, evaluation, the role of project manager, project performance, project success, and the role of top management. Managers are targeted for data collection from the construction sector, education sector, and IT sector for the analysis. The findings show that coordination between variables as well as the role of a project manager is like a bridge between top management and other team members in four phases of project life cycle (planning, monitoring, controlling, and evaluation) for ultimate success. This study has a significant advantage for the organization and industries before implementing any project as it will be helpful for the top management to give authority and responsibility to the project managers while considering the scope of the project. For academia, this study helps to enhance the knowledge area of project management by introducing coordination management while discussing the other knowledge areas of project management.
Keywords: project planning, project monitoring, project controlling, project evaluation, role of project manager, project performance, project success.
Jell Classification: H43; O22
Abstract The prevalence of mobile devices and their capability to access high speed internet has transformed them into a portable pocket cloud interface. Being home to a wide range of users' personal data, mobile devices often use cloud servers for storage and processing. The sensitivity of a user's personal data demands adequate level of protection at the back-end servers. In this regard, the European Union Data Protection regulations (e.g., article 25.1) impose restriction on the locations of European users' personal data transfer. The matter of concern, however, is the enforcement of such regulations. The first step in this regard is to analyze mobile apps and identify the location of servers to which personal data is transferred. To this end, we design and implement an app analysis tool, PDTLoc (Personal Data Transfer Location Analyzer), to detect violation of the mentioned regulations. We analyze 1, 498 most popular apps in the EEA using PDTLoc to investigate the data recipient server locations. We found that 16.5% (242) of these apps transfer users' personal data to servers located at places outside Europe without being under the control of a data protection framework. Moreover, we inspect the privacy policies of the apps revealing that 51% of these apps do not provide any privacy policy while almost all of them contact the servers hosted outside Europe.
User reviews on social networking platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Google+, etc. have been gaining growing interest on account of their wide usage in sentiment analysis which serves as the feedback to both public and private companies, as well as, governments. The analysis of such reviews not only plays a noteworthy role to improve the quality of such services and products but helps to devise marketing and financial strategies to increase the profit for companies and customer satisfaction. Although many analysis models have been proposed, yet, there is still room for improving the processing, classification, and analysis of user reviews which can assist managers to interpret customers feedback and elevate the quality of products. This study first evaluates the performance of a few machine learning models which are among the most widely used models and then presents a voting classifier Gradient Boosted Support Vector Machine (GBSVM) which is constituted of gradient boosting and support vector machines. The proposed model has been evaluated on two different datasets with term frequency and three variants of term frequency-inverse document frequency including uni-, bi-, and tri-gram as features. The performance is compared with other state-of-the-art techniques which prove that GBSVM outperforms these models.
AbstractThis research investigates whether managerial level attributes (age, education, and experience) and firm level attributes (size and age) influence the role of financial resources (FR) on sustainability performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies. To test the model, the analyses were performed through SmartPLS based on 611 Pakistani SMEs. The results of the structural equation modeling indicate that the positive relationship between FR and sustainability performance is significantly strengthened by managerial attributes (manager experience and education) and firm level attributes (firm size). However, manager age and firm age do not moderate the nexus between FR and sustainability performance. This research recommends SMEs to focus on experienced and educated managers as compared to older ones to utilize their FR efficiently in sustainable activities. This research enriches the resource base view and upper echelon literature through empirical evidence. Further implications for policymakers and businesses are discussed.
Purpose Grounded in upper echelon (UE) theory, this study aims to examine the role of managerial competencies (business experience, financial literacy and digital literacy) in sustainable development strategy, with resource management as a mediator.
Design/methodology/approach The empirical data collection is conducted through a survey completed by 297 top management teams of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Pakistan. Structural equation modelling in Smart PLS is used to substantiate the hypotheses.
Findings The findings reveal that financially and digitally literate managers significantly contribute to the sustainable development strategies of SMEs. However, experienced managers do not focus significantly on sustainable development strategies. Resource management partially mediates the nexus between financial literacy and sustainable development strategy, as well as between digital literacy and sustainable development strategy. In contrast, resource management does not mediate the nexus between business experience and sustainable development strategy.
Research limitations/implications This study recommends that SMEs should prioritize managers with digital and financial literacy over those with experience. SMEs led by a management team with digital and financial literacy are more effective in resource management for sustainable development practices, whereas experienced managers may not significantly prioritize managing resources for sustainability.
Originality/value While research based on the UE theory significantly contributes to the body of knowledge on sustainable development, the role of managerial competencies, particularly business experience, financial literacy and digital literacy, in sustainable development strategy via resource management is neglected. This research fills this gap in the context of UE theory and thereby enriches the literature.
