Suchergebnisse

There is an urgent need of increasing the knowledge about natural enemies of Philaenus spumarius and finding strategies to limit the spread of X. fastidiosa. Generalist predators, such as spiders, can arise as potential natural control agents. Determining the functional response is crucial for understanding the potentiality of a predator as biological control agent. In this work, the functional response of two widespread palearctic spider species belonging to two different functional groups was assessed. The ambusher spider Synema globosum and the orb-weaver Araniella cucurbitina were used as model species and P. spumarius as prey under laboratory conditions. In parallel, Ceratitis capitata was also used as prey in order to compare the spiders´ predatory potential between a non-flying insect (P. spumarius) and a flying one (C. capitata). A. cucurbitina and S. globosum showed a type II and type I functional response respectively when fed with P. spumarius and a type II response when fed with C. capitata. Both the handling time and attack rate were significantly different between spider species when fed with P. spumarius (p<0.01) and between prey types for each spider functional group (p<0.01). The results suggest that S. globosum was more efficient capturing spittlebugs one by one than A. cucurbitina. On the contrary, A. cucurbitina was more efficient killing flies in webs than S. globosum. ; Acknowledgement This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N. 727987 "Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy XF-ACTORS".

To locate media frames is one of the biggest challenges facing academics in Political Communication disciplines. The traditional approach to the problem is the use of different coders and their subsequent comparison, either through statistical analysis, or through agreements between them. In both cases, problems arise due to the difficulty of defining exactly where the frame is as well as its meaning and implications. And, above all, it is a complex process that makes it very difficult to work with large data sets. The authors, however, propose the use of information cataloging algorithms as a way to solve these problems. These algorithms (Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, CNN, etc.) come from disciplines linked to neural networks and have become an industry standard devoted to the treatment of non-numerical information and natural language processing. In addition, when supervised, they can be trained to find the information that the researcher considers pertinent. The authors present one case study, the media framing of the refugee crisis in Europe (in 2015) as an example. In that regard, SVM shows a lot of potential, being able to locate frames successfully albeit with some limitations.

X. fastidiosa is one of the most destructive pathogens of olive orchards. Its recent arrival to Europe can cause important losses, with possible drastic consequences for the sector. Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus 1758) was identified as vector of X. fastidiosa in Europe and finding candidate natural enemies of P. spumarius is essential to design environmentally friendly control strategies against X. fastidiosa. Generalist predators, such as spiders, arise as important potential biocontrol agents. In this context, a set of species-specific primers for detecting the presence of P. spumarius DNA in the gut of predatory arthropods is being developed. All primers will be tested for checking cross-reactive amplification of arthropods DNA and evaluated in heterospecific mixes of nucleic acids. Subsequent feeding trials will be conducted using Synemaglobosum (Fabricius 1775), an important spider species in olive groves from Mirandela, Portugal. These trials will allow determining the detection efficiency of the primers designed and also they will be the starting point to detect predation in field trials. These primers therefore provide a very useful tool for screening the gut contents of potential predators of P. spumarius, and can thus reveal candidate species for this species biological control. ; Acknowledgement This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N. 727987 "Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy XF-ACTORS".

There is an urgent need of increasing the knowledge about natural enemies of Philaenus spumarius and finding strategies to limit the spread of X. fastidiosa. Generalist predators, such as spiders, can arise as potential natural control agents. Determining the functional response is crucial for understanding the potentiality of a predator as biological control agent. In this work, the functional response of two widespread palearctic spider species belonging to two different functional groups was assessed. The ambusher spider Synema globosum and the orb-weaver Araniella cucurbitina were used as model species and P. spumarius as prey under laboratory conditions. In parallel, Ceratitis capitata was also used as prey in order to compare the spiders´ predatory potential between a non-flying insect (P. spumarius) and a flying one (C. capitata). A. cucurbitina and S. globosum showed a type II and type I functional response respectively when fed with P. spumarius and a type II response when fed with C. capitata. Both the handling time and attack rate were significantly different between spider species when fed with P. spumarius (p<0.01) and between prey types for each spider functional group (p<0.01). The results suggest that S. globosum was more efficient capturing spittlebugs one by one than A. cucurbitina. On the contrary, A. cucurbitina was more efficient killing flies in webs than S. globosum. ; This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N. 727987 "Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy XF-ACTORS". ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Objective/context: the article proposes to analyze the political scope and the methodological challenges involved in the territorial social dialogue (DST) in Buenaventura ( Colombia ), where the daily struggles of the communities revolve around the defense of their right to live in peace . and with dignity in their territories. Methodology: the reflection is based on a case study that was part of a participatory investigation between 2019 and 2020 in Buenaventura , around the relationship between social dialogue and reconciliation. The analysis draws on theoretical contributions from the local turn of peace , studies on conflict transformation , dialogue studies and the decolonial turn . Conclusions: despite being fertile in practical terms, social dialogue has been prone to conceptual indefinition; For this reason, this article, based on this case study , concludes that: i) the DST is an ontological, political and historical resource that can be used by various social sectors and local communities to confront the hegemonic imagination and planning on development and territory; ii) the DST is characterized by political and methodological virtues, as well as by gray areas yet to be explored. Originality: the article analyzes the little explored experience of territorial social dialogue in Buenaventura . In addition, it warns about its challenges and difficulties when both the social agreement to live in peace and dignity in the territory as certain antagonistic actors and/or traditionally reluctant to dialogue .

Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SAF2017-84117-R, RTI2018-094204-B-I00]; Alzheimer's Association [AARFD-17-503612]; Regional Catalonian Government [2017 SGR 1497]; European Regional Development -FEDER- funds, European Union

Altres ajuts: ISPRS-2017-2021 ; The term "equity" (EQUI) is a complex concept to be defined, because it depends on many factors, mainly political ideals. The objective of this research is to determine the evolution and development of the term equity in education by the scientific community. The main objective is to identify the scientific production and performance of the term equity in the field of education. The research method developed is based on bibliometrics, specifically on the technique of scientific mapping, and a process of quantification, analysis, evaluation and estimation of scientific documents was developed. The results indicate there is no established line of research or strong connections between the themes. This shows the existing variety of research on the term equity. Thus, the trend in research on the term equity is focused on the early periods of study on the students' diversity in order to evolve to more concrete and specific aspects of equity, such as gender and race. It is concluded that the theoretical framework of reference shows how equity should be incorporated into the education system under the parameters of equal opportunities, of equality in access to higher education, regardless of gender or socio-cultural background.

Prevailing research on individuals' compliance with public health related behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic tends to study composite measures of multiple types of behaviours, without distinguishing between different types of behaviours. However, measures taken by governments involve adjustments concerning a range of different daily behaviours. In this study, we seek to explain students' public healt