Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Damages in Investor-State Arbitration: Current Issues and Challenges -- Abstract -- Keywords -- I Introduction -- II Special Features of Investment Arbitration in the Area of Damages -- III Challenges Regarding the Applicable Law -- IV Standards in Expropriation and in Non-expropriation Cases -- 1 Adequate Compensation for Expropriation -- 2 Full Reparation for Breaches of International Law -- 3 Contractual Damages -- V Difference between 'Lawful' and 'Unlawful' Expropriations -- VI Causation -- VII Importance of the Valuation Date -- VIII The Application of Valuation Methods -- 1 Market Approach -- 2 Income Approach -- 3 Asset-based or Cost Approach -- 4 Mixed Approaches -- IX Opinions on Country Risk -- X Other Possible Limitations on Damages -- 1 Contributory Negligence -- 2 Mitigation of Damages -- 3 Economic Emergency -- XI Thresholds for Moral Damages -- XII Interest -- 1 Pre-award Interest -- 2 Post-award Interest -- XIII Conclusion -- Bibliography

"Impacts by asteroids or comets on Earth may lead to natural disasters of catastrophic dimensions, the most famous being the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Space agencies and other actors are increasingly active in activities dedicated to the development of technology to predict and mitigate such risks. This book addresses legal and policy aspects of 'planetary defence' activities aiming at the mitigation of Near-Earth Objects (NEO) impact threats. These include responsibility and liability for damage caused by such activities (or their failure) as well as international cooperation and possible decision making processes"--

Examining the meaning and scope of the rule of law -- Islamic Law, the Sharia, and the rule of law -- Rule of law and international law -- Islamic law and freedom of expression -- Freedom of expression and freedom of religion : conflict or Convergence -- Islamic law, international dimensions in freedom of expression -- Concluding reflections