Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Temporal shortsightedness: on being able to wait -- Looking for the rhythm of the brain -- In the moment: three seconds of presence -- Internal clocks: what we "need" time for -- Life, happiness, and the ultimate time limit -- Winning and losing time : the self and temporality -- Body time : how the sense of time arises -- Notes -- Image credits

The flow state – an experience of complete absorption in an activity – is linked with less self-referential processing and increased arousal. We used the heart-evoked potential (HEP), an index representing brain–heart interaction, as well as indices of peripheral physiology to assess the state of flow in individuals playing a video game. 22 gamers and 21 non-gamers played the video game Thumper for 25 min while their brain and cardiorespiratory signals were simultaneously recorded. The more participants were absorbed in the game, the less they thought about time and the faster time passed subjectively. On the cortical level, the fronto-central HEP amplitude was significantly lower while playing the game compared to resting states before and after the game, reflecting less self-referential processing while playing. This HEP effect corresponded with lower activity during gameplay in brain regions contributing to interoceptive processing. The HEP amplitude predicted the level of absorption in the game. While the HEP amplitude was overall lower during the gaming session than during the resting states, within the gaming session the amplitude of HEP was positively associated with absorption. Since higher absorption was related to higher performance in the game, the higher HEP in more absorbed individuals reflects more efficient brain–heart interaction, which is necessary for efficient game play. On the physiological level, a higher level of flow was associated with increased overall sympathetic activity and less inhibited parasympathetic activity toward the end of the game. These results are building blocks for future neurophysiological assessments of flow.

The characteristics of the individual's time perspective in relation to changes in social, economic, and political conditions are of major conceptual interest. We assessed the time orientations of 1588 Ukrainian students living in two different regions (western and south-eastern Ukraine) with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) before (2010–2013) and during (2014–2016) the socioeconomic, political, and military crises which started in 2014, eight years before the war in 2022. We applied ANOVAs with the ZTPI dimensions as dependent variables and the period of testing (precrisis, postcrisis) as an independent variable for the two Ukrainian regions separately. The time perspectives of residents in the region most distant from the war zone (western), who positively assessed the change in the political situation around 2014, increased in the future time orientation and decreased in the present-fatalistic, past-positive, and 333 present-hedonistic time orientations. The time perspectives of residents in the regions closest to the war zone (southeastern) decreased in the future and increased in the past-negative and present-fatalistic time orientations, reflecting their negative judgments of the events. It is not the crisis itself, but the specific social, economic, and political factors and evaluations which define the time perspectives, which are flexible and adjust to changes during extreme life circumstances.

The characteristics of the individual's time perspective in relation to changes in social, economic, and political conditions are of major conceptual interest. We assessed the time orientations of 1588 Ukrainian students living in two different regions (western and south-eastern Ukraine) with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) before (2010–2013) and during (2014–2016) the socioeconomic, political, and military crises which started in 2014, eight years before the war in 2022. We applied ANOVAs with the ZTPI dimensions as dependent variables and the period of testing (precrisis, postcrisis) as an independent variable for the two Ukrainian regions separately. The time perspectives of residents in the region most distant from the war zone (western), who positively assessed the change in the political situation around 2014, increased in the future time orientation and decreased in the present-fatalistic, past-positive, and 333 present-hedonistic time orientations. The time perspectives of residents in the regions closest to the war zone (southeastern) decreased in the future and increased in the past-negative and present-fatalistic time orientations, reflecting their negative judgments of the events. It is not the crisis itself, but the specific social, economic, and political factors and evaluations which define the time perspectives, which are flexible and adjust to changes during extreme life circumstances.

Frontmatter --Inhalt --Vorwort --Achtsamkeit --Alltag --Alter --Altern --Arbeit --Ausbildung --Berufsorientierung --Berufswechsel --Beschleunigung --Bildung --Biografie --Biografiearbeit --Biografizität --Dating --Depression --Digitale Kommunikation --Erinnern --Familie --Familiengründung --Flexibilisierung --Freizeit --(Für-)Sorge --Gegenwart --Geschlecht --Kontinuität --Krankheit --Langeweile --Lebenslanges Lernen --Lebenslauf --Lebensphasen --Lernen --Medien --Migration --Mobilität --Muße --Nachhaltigkeit --Optimierung --Organisation --Privathaushalt --Reisen --Rituale --Schwangerschaft --Soziale Ungleichheit --Sterben --Studium --Transformation --Unsicherheit --Unterricht --Vergangenheit --Vergessen --Verrentung --Weiterbildung --Work-Life-Balance --Zeiterleben --Zeitgefühl --Zeitmanagement --Zeitperspektive --Zeitwahrnehmung --Zukunft --Verzeichnis der Autor*innen