Il dibattito storiografico portoghese degli ultimi venti anni ha fatto emergere alcune voci di denuncia1 su supposte tentazioni revisioniste interessate a consolidare due idee in particolare: il 25 Aprile del 1974 aveva in nuce la costruzione di una democrazia rappresentativa di modello occidentale; il cosiddetto Processo Revolucionário em Curso (PREC) che ne seguì fu il tentativo del Partito Comunista Portoghese (PCP) di imporre un regime totalitario. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
Although Portugal does not have a significant radical right presence in its party system, in the last decades the country did witness the development of a neo-Nazi skinhead movement that expresses its white nationalist nature and goals through the musical genres of Rock Against Communism (RAC) and the related Oi!. Utilizing various historical sources and theoretical analysis, this study contextualizes the development of nationalist music in Portugal, both before and especially during the democratic period (1974-2015). It focuses on its protagonists, domestic and international networks, as well as on the few attempts to establish a common cause with radical right-wing political parties at the turn of the century and in present times. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
In Portugal, extreme right political violence can be found in two different periods: in the period of transition from authoritarianism to democracy (between 25 April 1974 and the mid1980s) and from the second half of the 1980s, leading up to the present. In the first period, militants who had been radicalised by the Colonial War (1961-1974), by the anti-imperialist mobilisation of the extreme left student movement in the academic crises of the 1960s, but also by the actions of the revolutionary leadership of the transition process after the April Revolution, were active in politically violent organisations aimed at stopping the advance of communism in Portugal. Among these organisations, the ELP (Exército de Libertação de Portugal /Portugal Liberation Army) gained salience and will be explored in-depth in this chapter. The second period was characterised by a new extreme right showcasing an ethnonationalist political identity and discourse, which fused both the ultra-nationalism of the old extreme right and the neo-Nazi racism of the skinhead subculture. Initially, the MAN (Movimento de Acção Nacional / National Action Movement) was key in uniting the nationalist militants and the skinheads. After its dismantling by the authorities, it was replaced by the PHS (Portugal Hammer Skin). The dynamics of both organisations will be explored in detail throughout this chapter. For this, the research uses a qualitative methodology based on interviews carried out with extreme right militants, on documentation produced by the different movements and on archive material produced by the police and court investigations. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
