Suchergebnisse

"Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is one of the most complex and urgent issues facing wildlife management and conservation today. Originally focused on the ecology and economics of wildlife damage, the study and mitigation of HWC has gradually expanded its scope to incorporate the human dimensions of the whole spectrum of human-wildlife relationships, from conflict to coexistence. Having the conflict-to-coexistence continuum as its leitmotiv, this book explores a variety of theories and methods currently used to address human-wildlife interactions, illustrated by case studies from around the world. It presents some key concepts in the field, such as values, emotions, social identity and tolerance, and a variety of insights and solutions to turn conflict into coexistence, from individual level to national scales, including conservation marketing, incremental and radical innovation, strategic planning, and socio-ecological systems. This volume will be of interest to a wide range of readers, including academics, researchers, students, practitioners and policy-makers"--

O Pantanal é uma área importante para a conservação da onça-pintada (Panthera onca) e da onça-parda (Puma concolor). No entanto, o bioma possui peculiaridades que tornam a conservação de grandes felinos complexa e desafiadora. A predação do gado gera conflitos entre onças e fazendeiros, que tradicionalmente resultam na eliminação oportunista, porém sistemática, dos predadores. Por outro lado, é crescente entre os fazendeiros o reconhecimento da necessidade de conservar as onças, desde que seja resolvido, ou pelo menos diminuído em níveis toleráveis, o prejuízo que elas causam. Nesse contexto, é importante entender a dinâmica da predação, a fim de identificar ações que possam diminuir efetivamente o seu impacto econômico. Aspectos culturais também têm grande importância, influenciando diretamente na decisão de abater uma onça ou tolerar sua presença. Neste artigo, apresentamos e discutimos as características e a dinâmica da predação de espécies nativas e do gado doméstico por onças no Pantanal, em particular a onça-pintada. Além disso, descrevemos aspectos pessoais, sociais e culturais do conflito, e discutimos suas implicações para a conservação das onças, destacando a importância de entender e envolver os diferentes atores ligados à conservação dessas espécies.

Exclusively Brazilian, the Caatinga is a seasonally dry tropical forest where the endangered jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) co-occur with the lowest regional Human Development Indexes. New land uses challenge traditional livelihoods and add threats to species historically poached in retaliation for livestock depredation. Chronicle biodiversity conflicts became acute after a reported increase in depredation allegedly because of those changes and conflicts among stakeholders. Using the framework of human dimensions of wildlife management, pioneer research on the vulnerabilities of rural communities to jaguar-and-puma conflicts was led in 'Boqueirão da Onça', within and surrounding that polygon of protected areas. The aim was to identify, describe, understand, and predict human behaviour, and link the outcomes with the IUCN natural resources governance concept. Negative attitudes arose from 72% and 35.2% participants towards the proximity of jaguar and proximity of puma, respectively. When asked about institutions working for wildlife protection, and institutions working for people facing problems caused by carnivores, 64.9% and 88.8%, respectively, were unaware of them. Regarding beliefs about co-occurrence with jaguars or pumas, 80.9% and 82.9%, respectively, mentioned more problems than benefits, with 74.5% believing in the increase of both species' populations due to the creation of protected areas. This scenario may ease jaguar and puma to become scapegoats for human-wildlife and broader social conflicts, unless values such as justice and transparency are pursued.

Instruments for the conservation of biodiversity are frequently seen as counter productive for human life and prosperity. This session will provide a basis for lively discussion and knowledge-sharing using evidence-based science, the incorporation of indigenous values, and insights from practice to achieve good biodiversity conservation outcomes within global Sustainable Development Goals. Our five speakers offer different perspectives and solutions around the socio-economic factors influencing practical community and government attitudes and actions, the value of indigenous involvement, and the opportunities arising from technological innovation and knowledge-sharing. All speakers have been directly involved with members of their community affected by conservation actions. We ask the following questions to focus our discussion: • does the human community 'own' biodiversity conservation enough to make it sustainable in the long-term? What can we learn from each other? • Is the cost of conservation (perceived as) too high and how can we change this? • Are we able to really measure anything effectively (i.e. are the costs and benefits real or just believed) to know how we are going? • How can we better engage the community to invest in conservation action and benefit from it, not just talk about it? • what innovative solutions and new tools are most promising? • can open science and open data initiatives help? A selection of key challenges and solutions will be presented by researchers and practitioners. The speakers offer different perspectives, from that of globally-scoping research scientists and nature conservation agency staff, to an expert in citizen science and data management. The session is facilitated by members of PARSEC (Building New Tools for Data Sharing and Reuse through a Transnational Investigation of the Socioeconomic Impacts of Protected Areas), a Belmont Forum- funded international project with partners from Brazil, France, Japan, the United States of America, and collaborators in the UK and ...