Suchergebnisse

The fortification "a la moderna" of Pisa in the Modern Age was not made, as in other Tuscan cities, with the construction of a new bastioned front, but strengthening the pre-existing medieval walls. The construction of the new front was developed between the 16th and 17th century in two different phases. In the first phase, starting from the mid-16th century, a few of small bastions were built in some strategic points of the medieval circuit. Only in the first half of the 17th century, the defense system was completed by the military engineer Gabriello Ughi, with demilunes and outworks in earth. The new defense system, demolished in the late 18th century, is described only in a series of historical maps and archival documents. This paper therefore aims at proposing the first results of a study on the 17th century fortification project, starting from a graphical analysis of the historical maps, in order to understand the design choices in the light of the progress of defense techniques at that time and of the constraints determined by the pre-existing structures and the orographic context

The fortification "a la moderna" of Pisa in the Modern Age was not made, as in other Tuscan cities, with the construction of a new bastioned front, but strengthening the pre-existing medieval walls. The construction of the new front was developed between the 16th and 17th century in two different phases. In the first phase, starting from the mid-16th century, a few of small bastions were built in some strategic points of the medieval circuit. Only in the first half of the 17th century, the defense system was completed by the military engineer Gabriello Ughi, with demilunes and outworks in earth. The new defense system, demolished in the late 18th century, is described only in a series of historical maps and archival documents. This paper therefore aims at proposing the first results of a study on the 17th century fortification project, starting from a graphical analysis of the historical maps, in order to understand the design choices in the light of the progress of defense techniques at that time and of the constraints determined by the pre-existing structures and the orographic context.

Tangier, founded by the Phoenician, for millennia has been located on the edge of the Old World. The city extends its arms on the Mediterranean Sea towards the Atlantic Ocean, becoming the gate of North Africa from the Strait of Gibraltar. During the Roman Empire, Tangier was the capital of the Mauretania Tingitana, therefore the structure of the city was modified with the typical shape based on the cardo and decumanus. During the 8th century, Tangier became an Arab military outpost supporting the invasion of Spain. After the discovery of the New World, the city became for centuries an important trading center. Thus the Medina, the commercial hub of Tangier, in this context maintained the Roman military structure. Since the 15th century, under the domination of Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain and France the construction of the city walls, the bastions and the York Castle were completed; the structure of the current harbour was shaped during these centuries of wars. The creation of a free trade zone and the consequent increase of the harbour business interrupted the historical relationship between the Old City and the sea, moving away the sea from the city and creating a coastal area with a strong criticism. The aim of this study is to show the first result of a project proposal for the valorization of the historical town by renovating the ancient connection between the Medina and the new harbour.