Something in the air? Air quality and children's educational outcomes
In: Economics of education review, Band 56, S. 141-151
ISSN: 0272-7757
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In: Economics of education review, Band 56, S. 141-151
ISSN: 0272-7757
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 8544
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Working paper
In: Economics of education review, Band 34, S. 258-268
ISSN: 0272-7757
In: Contemporary economic policy: a journal of Western Economic Association International, Band 28, Heft 1, S. 36-51
ISSN: 1465-7287
In this paper, I make use of data from the 2000 follow‐up of the National Education Longitudinal Survey postsecondary education transcript files to extend what is known about the value of education at community colleges. I examine the effects of enrollment in community colleges on students' subsequent earnings. I estimate the effects of credits earned separately from credentials because community colleges are often used as a means for students to engage in study not necessarily leading to a degree or certificate. I find consistent evidence of wage and salary effects of both credits and degrees, especially for women. There is no substantial evidence that enrollment in vocational rather than academic coursework has a particularly beneficial effect, however. (JEL I2, J24)
In: Economics of education review, Band 26, Heft 5, S. 629-640
ISSN: 0272-7757
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 2334
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In: The American journal of economics and sociology, Band 58, Heft 2, S. 197-216
ISSN: 1536-7150
Abstract There has recently been a great deal of interest in the question of whether job stability has declined in the United States. However, a satisfactory answer to this question has not been agreed upon. In this article, data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) are examined to bring new evidence to bear on the subject of job stability trends. Using these data, job retention rates for various groups of workers between 1976 and 1992 are calculated. Then, a series of models that relate individual and economic factors to job retention over this period are estimated. These analyses suggest a general but mild decline in job stability during the period. However, trends in job stability vary dramatically across different groups of workers. Most clearly, job stability fell precipitously for black men and fell for men who were high‐school dropouts or who has completed some college.
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 590
ISSN: 1520-6688
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 590-598
ISSN: 0276-8739
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 9689
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Working paper
In: IZA Discussion Paper No. 10202
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In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Band 43, Heft 2, S. 582-612
ISSN: 1520-6688
AbstractThe suicide rate in the United States has risen nearly 40% since 2000. This increase is puzzling because suicide rates had been falling for decades at the end of the 20th century. In this paper, we review important facts about the changing rate of suicide. General trends do not tell the story of important differences across groups—suicide rates rose substantially among middle‐aged persons between 2005 and 2015 but have fallen since. Among young people, suicide rates began a rapid rise after 2010 that has not abated. We review empirical evidence to assess potential causes for recent changes in suicide rates. The economic hardship caused by the Great Recession played an important role in rising suicide among prime‐aged Americans. Among those under 25, nearly all the increase in suicide mortality during the 2010s can be explained by an increase in the prevalence of depression. Bullying victimization of LGBTQ youth could also account for part of the rise in suicide. The evidence that access to firearms or opioids are major drivers of recent suicide trends is less clear. We end by summarizing evidence on the most promising policies to reduce suicide mortality.
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Band 30, Heft 1, S. 29-56
ISSN: 1520-6688
AbstractIn this paper we consider possible links between the diffusion of new pharmaceuticals used for treating mental illness and crime rates. We describe recent trends in crime and review the evidence showing that mental illness is a clear risk factor both for criminal behavior and victimization. We summarize the development of a number of new pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of mental illness that came into wide use during the "great American crime decline." We examine limited international data, as well as more detailed American data, to assess the relationship between rates of prescriptions of psychotropic drugs and crime rates, while controlling for other factors that may explain trends in crime rates. Using state‐level variation in the rates that various drug therapies disperse within populations to identify impacts on crime rates, we find some evidence that the expansion of psychiatric drugs is associated with decreased violent crime rates, but not property crime rates. We find no robust impacts on homicide rates and no effects on arrest rates. Further, the magnitudes of the estimated effects of expanded drug treatment on violent crime are small. Our estimates imply that about 5 percent of the decline in crime during the period of our study was due to expanded mental health treatment. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
In: NBER Working Paper No. w15354
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