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Urban change in Indonesia has been faced to an increasing pattern in which the urbanization process has also been taken place in a regional scale. In this process, small and medium cities have also been facing the densification process of urban growth and facing the process of concentration of urban activities. However, not all of small and medium cities in Indonesia can be considered prepared to face the process of urbanization as well as densification and the concentration of urban activities; because not all of them are municipal cities that are prepared for managing the development and urbanization process. Most of them are non municipal towns, which are located in the territory of kabupaten, a non urban region in Indonesia. This research focuses on the process of urbanization of kabupaten in Indonesia, which has formed and developed small and medium cities as the place where most of the urban growth in the kabupaten took place. The objective of the study is to contribute, in this context, to the understanding of the mechanisms of urban development of small and medium cities in developing countries, with reference to the situation in the kabupaten in Indonesia. The research analyses the urbanization process in the kabupaten, and the policy responses of local government to meet the demands of the urbanization process in the region, in responding the pressures of urbanization of their region. The study focuses on two main contexts. The first context is the urbanization process in the kabupaten, especially those in the Java Island, the densest populated island in the archipelago. The region is also the first region to know the regional dimension of urbanization since the 1980s, which resulted in the increase of the urban population in the kabupaten. In addition, this analysis also relates to the comprehension to the key problems arising in the urbanization process of the kabupaten, in the perspective of sustainable development. The second context is the analysis of urban development policies adopted by the local authority and the weaknesses of the government of the kabupaten in dealing with their urbanization process. From the comparative element resulting from the analysis of these institutions to urban development in the kabupaten, the research will confront the local perception on urban development, the policies adopted to deal with the problems, and the weaknesses in urban development policies at the local level. By doing so, the research puts into perspective the conditions for a possible improvement in the local capacities in managing their urbanization and urban development process, their alignment with local realities and their relevance to the challenges of sustainable development. Hence, it is expected that this study provides a better understanding regarding current conditions and how to improve the future of urban development institutions in the kabupaten, in accordance with sustainable development issues ; Le changement urbain en Indonésie a été confronté à une régularité croissante dans laquelle le processus d'urbanisation a également été pris dans une échelle régionale. Dans ce processus, les villes petites et moyennes ont également confrontées au processus de densification de la croissance urbaine et face au processus de concentration des activités urbaines. Cependant, ce n'est pas toutes des villes petites et moyennes indonésiennes peuvent être considérées comme prêts à affronter le processus d'urbanisation ainsi que la densification et la concentration des activités urbaines, parce que ce n'est pas toutes d'elles sont des villes municipales qui ont bonnes capacités de faire la gestion urbaine ainsi que la gestion du processus d'urbanisation. La plupart d'entre elles sont les villes non municipales qui sont situées dans le territoire du kabupaten, à savoir la circonscription locale non urbaine indonésienne. La présente recherche procède à une mise au point concernant le processus d'urbanisation des kabupaten en Indonésie, qui a formé et développé des villes petites et moyennes comme le lieu où la plupart de la croissance urbaine dans le kabupaten a eu lieu. Cette recherche se donne pour objectif de contribuer, dans cette optique, à la compréhension des mécanismes de développement urbain des villes petites et moyennes dans les pays en développement, en référence à la situation dans les kabupaten en l'Indonésie. L'analyse porte sur le processus d'urbanisation dans des kabupaten, et les réponses politique du gouvernement local visant à respecter les exigences du processus d'urbanisation dans leur territoire en répondant aux contraintes de l'urbanisation du territoire. L'étude porte sur deux contextes principaux. Le premier concerne le processus d'urbanisation des kabupaten, en particulier dans l'île de Java, île la plus dense de l'Etat-archipel, la première aussi à connaître cette dimension territoriale de l'urbanisation, dès les années 1980, qui a abouti à l'augmentation de la population urbaine les kabupaten. En outre, cet étude concerne également la compréhension des problèmes principaux qui se posent dans le processus d'urbanisation des kabupaten, en particulièrement dans la perspective de la notion de développement durable. Un contexte ultérieur est consacré à l'analyse des politiques de développement urbain adoptées l'autorité locale et les faiblesses du gouvernement du kabupaten dans le traitement de leur processus d'urbanisation. A partir des éléments comparatifs résultant de l'analyse de ces institutions de développement urbain au kabupaten, il s'agira de confronter la perception locale sur le développement urbain, les politiques adoptées pour faire face aux problèmes, et les faiblesses des politiques de développement urbain au niveau local. Ce faisant, la recherche met en perspective les conditions d'une possible amélioration des capacités locales dans la gestion de leur processus d'urbanisation et de développement urbain, de leur cadrage avec les réalités locales et de leur adéquation par rapport aux questions du développement durable. Ainsi, il est prévu que cette étude permet de meilleure compréhension des conditions actuelles et la façon de l'amélioration des institutions de développement urbain dans les kabupaten dans l'avenir, en conformité avec les questions de développement durable

Urban change in Indonesia has been faced to an increasing pattern in which the urbanization process has also been taken place in a regional scale. In this process, small and medium cities have also been facing the densification process of urban growth and facing the process of concentration of urban activities. However, not all of small and medium cities in Indonesia can be considered prepared to face the process of urbanization as well as densification and the concentration of urban activities; because not all of them are municipal cities that are prepared for managing the development and urbanization process. Most of them are non municipal towns, which are located in the territory of kabupaten, a non urban region in Indonesia. This research focuses on the process of urbanization of kabupaten in Indonesia, which has formed and developed small and medium cities as the place where most of the urban growth in the kabupaten took place. The objective of the study is to contribute, in this context, to the understanding of the mechanisms of urban development of small and medium cities in developing countries, with reference to the situation in the kabupaten in Indonesia. The research analyses the urbanization process in the kabupaten, and the policy responses of local government to meet the demands of the urbanization process in the region, in responding the pressures of urbanization of their region. The study focuses on two main contexts. The first context is the urbanization process in the kabupaten, especially those in the Java Island, the densest populated island in the archipelago. The region is also the first region to know the regional dimension of urbanization since the 1980s, which resulted in the increase of the urban population in the kabupaten. In addition, this analysis also relates to the comprehension to the key problems arising in the urbanization process of the kabupaten, in the perspective of sustainable development. The second context is the analysis of urban development policies adopted by the ...

Urban change in Indonesia has been faced to an increasing pattern in which the urbanization process has also been taken place in a regional scale. In this process, small and medium cities have also been facing the densification process of urban growth and facing the process of concentration of urban activities. However, not all of small and medium cities in Indonesia can be considered prepared to face the process of urbanization as well as densification and the concentration of urban activities; because not all of them are municipal cities that are prepared for managing the development and urbanization process. Most of them are non municipal towns, which are located in the territory of kabupaten, a non urban region in Indonesia. This research focuses on the process of urbanization of kabupaten in Indonesia, which has formed and developed small and medium cities as the place where most of the urban growth in the kabupaten took place. The objective of the study is to contribute, in this context, to the understanding of the mechanisms of urban development of small and medium cities in developing countries, with reference to the situation in the kabupaten in Indonesia. The research analyses the urbanization process in the kabupaten, and the policy responses of local government to meet the demands of the urbanization process in the region, in responding the pressures of urbanization of their region. The study focuses on two main contexts. The first context is the urbanization process in the kabupaten, especially those in the Java Island, the densest populated island in the archipelago. The region is also the first region to know the regional dimension of urbanization since the 1980s, which resulted in the increase of the urban population in the kabupaten. In addition, this analysis also relates to the comprehension to the key problems arising in the urbanization process of the kabupaten, in the perspective of sustainable development. The second context is the analysis of urban development policies adopted by the local authority and the weaknesses of the government of the kabupaten in dealing with their urbanization process. From the comparative element resulting from the analysis of these institutions to urban development in the kabupaten, the research will confront the local perception on urban development, the policies adopted to deal with the problems, and the weaknesses in urban development policies at the local level. By doing so, the research puts into perspective the conditions for a possible improvement in the local capacities in managing their urbanization and urban development process, their alignment with local realities and their relevance to the challenges of sustainable development. Hence, it is expected that this study provides a better understanding regarding current conditions and how to improve the future of urban development institutions in the kabupaten, in accordance with sustainable development issues ; Le changement urbain en Indonésie a été confronté à une régularité croissante dans laquelle le processus d'urbanisation a également été pris dans une échelle régionale. Dans ce processus, les villes petites et moyennes ont également confrontées au processus de densification de la croissance urbaine et face au processus de concentration des activités urbaines. Cependant, ce n'est pas toutes des villes petites et moyennes indonésiennes peuvent être considérées comme prêts à affronter le processus d'urbanisation ainsi que la densification et la concentration des activités urbaines, parce que ce n'est pas toutes d'elles sont des villes municipales qui ont bonnes capacités de faire la gestion urbaine ainsi que la gestion du processus d'urbanisation. La plupart d'entre elles sont les villes non municipales qui sont situées dans le territoire du kabupaten, à savoir la circonscription locale non urbaine indonésienne. La présente recherche procède à une mise au point concernant le processus d'urbanisation des kabupaten en Indonésie, qui a formé et développé des villes petites et moyennes comme le lieu où la plupart de la croissance urbaine dans le kabupaten a eu lieu. Cette recherche se donne pour objectif de contribuer, dans cette optique, à la compréhension des mécanismes de développement urbain des villes petites et moyennes dans les pays en développement, en référence à la situation dans les kabupaten en l'Indonésie. L'analyse porte sur le processus d'urbanisation dans des kabupaten, et les réponses politique du gouvernement local visant à respecter les exigences du processus d'urbanisation dans leur territoire en répondant aux contraintes de l'urbanisation du territoire. L'étude porte sur deux contextes principaux. Le premier concerne le processus d'urbanisation des kabupaten, en particulier dans l'île de Java, île la plus dense de l'Etat-archipel, la première aussi à connaître cette dimension territoriale de l'urbanisation, dès les années 1980, qui a abouti à l'augmentation de la population urbaine les kabupaten. En outre, cet étude concerne également la compréhension des problèmes principaux qui se posent dans le processus d'urbanisation des kabupaten, en particulièrement dans la perspective de la notion de développement durable. Un contexte ultérieur est consacré à l'analyse des politiques de développement urbain adoptées l'autorité locale et les faiblesses du gouvernement du kabupaten dans le traitement de leur processus d'urbanisation. A partir des éléments comparatifs résultant de l'analyse de ces institutions de développement urbain au kabupaten, il s'agira de confronter la perception locale sur le développement urbain, les politiques adoptées pour faire face aux problèmes, et les faiblesses des politiques de développement urbain au niveau local. Ce faisant, la recherche met en perspective les conditions d'une possible amélioration des capacités locales dans la gestion de leur processus d'urbanisation et de développement urbain, de leur cadrage avec les réalités locales et de leur adéquation par rapport aux questions du développement durable. Ainsi, il est prévu que cette étude permet de meilleure compréhension des conditions actuelles et la façon de l'amélioration des institutions de développement urbain dans les kabupaten dans l'avenir, en conformité avec les questions de développement durable

Lampung Timur Regency is one kabupaten in the Province of Lampung that has created in 1999, just beforethe implementation of decentralization era in Indonesia. The regency has been a split from its "mother district",the Regency of Lampung Tengah, as to have more efficient and effective services as well as more equaldevelopment among its region. This paper will evaluate the educational services, involving elementary schools,middle and high schools during decentralization era since 2000 to 2015. Using the time serial statistical datagathered from the district's monographs, and also the standard set by the National Standard, this paper willcompare the availability of the services in two ways comparison: inter-time and inter-regional comparisons andthe combination of both of them. The result shows that local government is more focused on improving middleschool than elementary and high school services in decentralization era.

To reduce slum areas, the government of Semarang City has issued a decree of determination of slum areas in 2014 and initiated some slum upgrading activities from the central and local government. Kaligawe, as one of the areas close to the industrial estate and has many residents, is included in a slum area that must be handled. The slum area in Kaligawe consists of 7.35 hectares from RW 1 – RW 4. In addition to the description of the slum characteristics, residents' assessment is also needed regarding the neighborhood condition. This study aims to analyze residents' assessment in Kaligawe as one of the slum areas in Semarang. This study applied a questionnaire survey that was distributed to 90 residents of Kelurahan Kaligawe slum area randomly from RW 1 – RW 4 and NUAP Kaligawe 2017 document review as the data collection source. The findings indicated that although Kaligawe has a low socioeconomic level, the residents' assessment of Kaligawe's neighborhood is overall good. It is because they are already used to live with recent neighborhood conditions, and also significant improvement resulted due to slum upgrading program in Kaligawe area.