Suchergebnisse

¿Por qué el uso de la fuerza por parte de un país latinoamericano contra otro es considerado una herramienta legítima, aunque desagradable, de política exterior? Si amenazamos y coaccionamos a nuestro vecino no vamos a lograr una comunidad en paz. El autor plantea que la explicación fundamental para el uso continuo de fuerza militar en las relaciones intra-latinoamericanas radica en la naturaleza de la arquitectura de seguridad desarrollada en América Latina y sugiere reformas que permitirían lograr una paz verdadera en la región.

The drug trade as a global and national phenomenon -- Analytic perspectives for explaining the drug trade -- Conceptualizing consumption : drug use and drug users -- The production of psychoactive substances -- Distribution : linking producers and consumers -- Money laundering : money makes the world go round -- The political economy of international drug strategies : going it alone or working together -- The United States : from crime reduction to drug war, 1968-1982 -- The Netherlands : from drug war to dynamic harm reduction, 1960-2002 -- Sweden : from harm reduction to drug war, 1965-1993.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Acronyms -- 1 Civil-Military Relations, Democracy, and the Regional Neighborhood -- Part One Conceptions of Civil-Military Relations and Democracy -- 2 Concordance Theory: The Cases of India and Pakistan -- 3 Civil-Military Relations in Indonesia: The Case of ABRI's Dual Function -- 4 Civil-Military Relations in Venezuela -- Part Two Civilian-Dominated Relationships -- 5 From Confrontation to Cooperation: Democratic Governance and Argentine Foreign Relations -- 6 Civil-Military Relations in the Czech and Slovak Republics -- 7 The Restructuring of Civil-Military Relations in Poland Since 1989 -- Part Three Civil-Military Partnerships -- 8 Civil-Military Relations in Chile's Geopolitical Transition -- 9 Changing Patterns of Civil-Military Relations and Thailand's Regional Outlook -- 10 The Interplay of Internal War and Democratization in Guatemala Since 1982 -- 11 Democratization and International Integration: The Role of the Armed Forces in Brazil's Grand Strategy -- 12 Conclusion: Civil-Military Relations, Democracy, and Regional Security in Comparative Perspective -- About the Editor and Contributors -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- I. A Mexican State-Grower Alliance for Profits and Control -- II. Domestic Challenges to Production -- III. Foreign Challenges to Ownership and Trade -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

This article reviews the literature on the relationship between the illegal drug trade and violence. The literature review examines the characteristics and nature of violence in the illegal drug trade, distinguishing its systemic elements from the violence of individuals. There is a growing literature looking at variations in levels of violence; some of these explanations compete, while others could be complementary. We lack an overarching theoretical framework that integrates complementary arguments into a general causal argument. The conclusion discusses is the theoretical, methodological, and empirical challenges to developing a general framework for analyzing violence in the illegal drug trade. A general framework guides analysis across all cases, regardless of region, drug, or level of violence. What differs among empirical cases are the values of the causal variables in the distinct context, not the relationship among those variables; variation in levels of violence is the result of differing values among the causal variables. The conclusion ends by suggesting avenues for research.

ABSTRACTThis article examines how government policy affects the sustainability and inclusiveness of national development after the boom. The impact of the latest commodity boom (2003-2014) on the sustainability and inclusiveness of Latin American national development varies, but not by whether governments were ideologically left. I present the economic results of the commodity boom for the major Latin American countries, followed by the social results as measured by the reduction in poverty rates and income inequality. I examine potential countervailing economic factors that could mitigate the importance of the political economic determinants of the use of resource wealth. Finding the countervailing economic factors inadequate to explain the variation in social results, I propose that the political economy of linking resource wealth with economic and social outcomes is the key determinant. I conclude the paper with a discussion of current challenges post-commodity boom.Keywords: Commodity Boom; Poverty; Income Inequality. RESUMOEste artigo examina como a política do governo afeta a sustentabilidade e a inclusão do desenvolvimento nacional após o boom. O impacto do último boom das commodities (2003-2014) na sustentabilidade e inclusão do desenvolvimento nacional da América Latina varia, mas não pelo fato de os governos serem ideologicamente de esquerda. Apresento os resultados econômicos do boom das commodities para os principais países da América Latina, seguidos pelos resultados sociais medidos pela redução das taxas de pobreza e desigualdade de renda. Examino os possíveis fatores econômicos compensatórios que podem mitigar a importância dos determinantes político-econômicos do uso de recursos financeiros. Considerando os fatores econômicos compensadores inadequados para explicar a variação nos resultados sociais, proponho que a economia política de vincular os recursos financeiros a resultados econômicos e sociais seja o principal determinante. Concluo o artigo com uma discussão dos desafios atuais do pós boom das commodities.Palavras-chaves: Boom de Commodities; Pobreza; Desigualdade De Renda.

ABSTRACTThis article examines how government policy affects the sustainability and inclusiveness of national development after the boom. The impact of the latest commodity boom (2003-2014) on the sustainability and inclusiveness of Latin American national development varies, but not by whether governments were ideologically left. I present the economic results of the commodity boom for the major Latin American countries, followed by the social results as measured by the reduction in poverty rates and income inequality. I examine potential countervailing economic factors that could mitigate the importance of the political economic determinants of the use of resource wealth. Finding the countervailing economic factors inadequate to explain the variation in social results, I propose that the political economy of linking resource wealth with economic and social outcomes is the key determinant. I conclude the paper with a discussion of current challenges post-commodity boom.Keywords: Commodity Boom; Poverty; Income Inequality. RESUMOEste artigo examina como a política do governo afeta a sustentabilidade e a inclusão do desenvolvimento nacional após o boom. O impacto do último boom das commodities (2003-2014) na sustentabilidade e inclusão do desenvolvimento nacional da América Latina varia, mas não pelo fato de os governos serem ideologicamente de esquerda. Apresento os resultados econômicos do boom das commodities para os principais países da América Latina, seguidos pelos resultados sociais medidos pela redução das taxas de pobreza e desigualdade de renda. Examino os possíveis fatores econômicos compensatórios que podem mitigar a importância dos determinantes político-econômicos do uso de recursos financeiros. Considerando os fatores econômicos compensadores inadequados para explicar a variação nos resultados sociais, proponho que a economia política de vincular os recursos financeiros a resultados econômicos e sociais seja o principal determinante. Concluo o artigo com uma discussão dos desafios atuais do pós boom das commodities.Palavras-chaves: Boom de Commodities; Pobreza; Desigualdade De Renda.

"The Latin American Puzzles for the Study of International Relations" published on by Oxford University Press.