Suchergebnisse

Die öffentliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nach 1945 erfolgte in Nachkriegsdeutschland in einem erinnerungskulturellen Spannungsfeld, in dem Diskurse um Schuld und Verantwortung der Deutschen mit Diskursen um deutsche Tote und deutsches Leiden konkurrierten. Die Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen und derjenigen, die gegen das NS-Regime gekämpft hatten, standen dabei lange Zeit nicht im Vordergrund der offiziellen Kultur des Totengedenkens. Auch gab es ungeachtet der starken ideologischen Rivalität der beiden deutschen Staaten erhebliche erinnerungskulturelle Schnittmengen zwischen Ost und West.In diesem Band – dessen hebräische Originalausgabe mit dem Jacob Bahat Preis ausgezeichnet wurde – zeichnet der 2014 verstorbene israelische Historiker Gilad Margalit ein differenziertes Bild der Gedenkfeiern aus Anlass unter anderem der Volkstrauertage oder der Jahrestage der Bombardierungen deutscher Städte und bezieht in die Analyse Denkmäler, publizistische sowie literarische Quellen und Filme mit ein. Deutlich wird zugleich, wie sehr diese erinnerungskulturellen Prägungen im vereinigten Deutschland weiterwirken.

Front Matter -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- The Investigative Response to Civilian Casualties: More Questions Than Answers -- Setting the Normative Framework -- 'The Trigger Question': When Do Civilian Casualties Require an Investigation? -- 'The Standards Question': How to Investigate Civilian Casualties? -- Translating Investigation Obligations to LOAC Situations -- Investigating Civilian Casualties in Practice -- Challenges in Classifying and Identifying the Applicable Normative Framework(s) -- Investigation Models and Constraints in Domestic Military Justice Systems -- Military In-House Investigations and Some Mitigating Arrangements -- Civilian Oversight of Military Investigations -- Looking Forward -- A Proposal for a Permanent Expert Commission -- The Duty to Investigate and Shaping the Normative Discourse -- Table of Treaties and Other International Instruments -- Table of International Cases -- Table of Domestic Instruments -- Table of Domestic Cases.

"In this thrilling true-crime procedural, the creator of Sherlock Holmes uses his unparalleled detective skills to exonerate a German Jew wrongly convicted of murder. For all the scores of biographies of Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of the most famous detective in the world, there is no American book that tells this remarkable story--in which Conan Doyle becomes a real-life detective on an actual murder case. In Conan Doyle for the Defense, Margalit Fox takes us step-by-step inside Conan Doyle's investigative process and illuminates a murder mystery that is also a morality play for our time--a story of ethnic, religious, and anti-immigrant bias. In 1908, a wealthy woman was brutally murdered in her Glasgow home. The police found a convenient suspect in Oscar Slater--an immigrant Jewish cardsharp--who, despite his innocence, was tried, convicted, and consigned to life at hard labor in a brutal Scottish prison. Conan Doyle, already world famous as the creator of Sherlock Holmes, was outraged by this injustice and became obsessed with the case. Using the methods of his most famous character, he scoured trial transcripts, newspaper accounts, and eyewitness statements, meticulously noting myriad holes, inconsistencies, and outright fabrications by police and prosecutors. Finally, in 1927, his work won Slater's freedom. Margalit Fox, a celebrated longtime writer for The New York Times, has "a nose for interesting facts, the ability to construct a taut narrative arc, and a Dickens-level gift for concisely conveying personality" (Kathryn Schulz, New York). In Conan Doyle for the Defense, she immerses readers in the science of Edwardian crime detection and illuminates a watershed moment in the history of forensics, when reflexive prejudice began to be replaced by reason and the scientific method"--

In Investigating Civilian Casualties in Time of Armed Conflict and Belligerent Occupation Alon Margalit discusses the appropriate State response to civilian casualties caused by its armed forces. Various legal and practical challenges, arising when investigating the fatal consequences of the use of force, are examined through the practice of the US, the UK, Canada and Israel during military operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia and the occupied Palestinian territory. Alon Margalit considers this topical and sensitive issue within a broader context, namely the public scrutiny of State behaviour and influence of human rights law during armed conflict. The debate over the scope of the duty to investigate reflects competing approaches looking to (re)shape the balance between military necessity and humanitarian considerations.

Adultery, treason, and apostasy no longer carry the weight they once did. Yet we constantly see and hear stories of betrayal, and many people have personally experienced a destructive breach of loyalty. Avishai Margalit argues that the tension between the ubiquity of betrayal and the loosening of its hold is a sign of the strain between ethics and morality, between thick and thin human relations. On Betrayal offers a philosophical account of thick human relations―relationships with friends, family, and core communities―through their pathology, betrayal. Judgments of betrayal often shift unreliably. A whistle-blower to some is a backstabber to others; a traitor to one side is a hero to the other. Yet the notion of what it means to betray is remarkably consistent across cultures and eras. Betrayal undermines thick trust, dissolving the glue that holds our most meaningful relationships together. Recently, public attention has lingered on trust between strangers―on relations that play a central role in the globalized economy. These, according to Margalit, are guided by morality. On Betrayal is about ethics: what we owe to the people and groups that give us our sense of belonging. Margalit's clear-sighted account draws on literary, historical, and personal sources, including stories from his childhood during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Through its discussion of betrayal, it examines what our thick relationships are and should be and revives the long-discarded notion of fraternity.

1. Energy and urban formation in the pre-modern city -- 2. The great transition: from solar sources to fossil fuels -- 3. The modern city emerges -- 4. 20th century transformers : wars, suburbs, commodities -- 5. Critiques of progress and ideas of sustainability -- 6. Shifting production and consumption : developing economies -- 7. Speculations on urban form, energy and sustainability.

According to some estimates, humanity has now passed the point at which city dwellers outnumber country dwellers. This simple fact encapsulates a multitude of historical trends and contentions, not the least being "is this sustainable"? Energy, Cities and Sustainability aims to illuminate this question by tracing the evolution of the modern city, the energy sources that power it and the motivations behind increasing urbanisation. The book examines changing energy use across history, analysing the origins and significance of the Industrial Revolution to reveal how the modern city came into being. Transport, population size, housing, electricity use and growing consumption are each discussed, showing how the cultural aspects of energy use have influenced urban form in the developed world and developing countries. Finally, in contemplating the future, it is considered whether this model of modern urban life is sustainable. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, academics and policy-makers in the areas of planning, energy policy and environment and sustainability