Cysteine as a green corrosion inhibitor for Cu37Zn brass in neutral and weakly alkaline sulphate solutions
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 20, Heft 7, S. 4370-4381
ISSN: 1614-7499
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 20, Heft 7, S. 4370-4381
ISSN: 1614-7499
Processes of bioethanol production currently applied all over the world are reviewed in this paper. Attention is focused on potentially cheap biomass sources, as well as the most important operating factors controlling the progress and result of saccharification and fermentation reactions and affecting the yield of fermentable sugars and ethanol, respectively, such as: the type and concentration of acid, the type of enzyme, the type of working microorganism, operating temperature, duration time and pH. The hydrolysis conditions, namely duration time, temperature and sulfuric acid concentration, were combined in a single parameter, known as the "combined severity" (CS), in order to estimate the efficiency of bioethanol production from biomass. When the CS increases, the yield of fermentable sugars also increases. The decrease in the yield of monosaccharides coincides with the maximum concentrations of by-products, such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which are well-known as yeast inhibitors. The highest ethanol yields has been obtained using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. With low oil prices and political reluctance to implement carbon taxes, fuel-ethanol production will remain uncompetitive unless some other form of cost reduction can be made, such as feedstock preparation costs. ; U ovom radu razmotreni su procesi dobijanja etanola iz biomase. Naglasak je stavljen na polazne sirovine, značajne faktore koji kontrolišu tok i efekte reakcija ošećerenja i fermentacije i utiču na prinos fermentabilnih šećera i etanola, respektivno, kao što su: vrste i koncentracije kiselina, vrste enzima, vrsta proizvodnog mikroorganizma, temperatura, pH i vreme trajanja reakcije. Radi sagledavanja perspektive industrijske proizvodnje bioetanola ocenjena je ekonomičnost celokupnog postupka proizvodnje bioetanola iz biomase.
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In: HELIYON-D-23-20790
SSRN
In: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Band 191, S. 106545
In: Vojnotehnicki glasnik, Band 59, Heft 4, S. 79-92
In: Ruggeri , K , Većkalov , B , Bojanić , L , Andersen , T L , Ashcroft-jones , S , Ayacaxli , N , Barea-arroyo , P , Berge , M L , Bjørndal , L D , Bursalıoğlu , A , Bühler , V , Čadek , M , Çetinçelik , M , Clay , G , Cortijos-bernabeu , A , Damnjanović , K , Dugue , T M , Esberg , M , Esteban-serna , C , Felder , E N , Friedemann , M , Frontera-villanueva , D I , Gale , P , Garcia-garzon , E , Geiger , S J , George , L , Girardello , A , Gracheva , A , Gracheva , A , Guillory , M , Hecht , M , Herte , K , Hubená , B , Ingalls , W , Jakob , L , Janssens , M , Jarke , H , Kácha , O , Kalinova , K N , Karakasheva , R , Khorrami , P R , Lep , Ž , Lins , S , Lofthus , I S , Mamede , S , Mareva , S , Mascarenhas , M F , Mcgill , L , Morales-izquierdo , S , Moltrecht , B , Mueller , T S , Musetti , M , Nelsson , J , Otto , T , Paul , A F , Pavlović , I , Petrović , M B , Popović , D , Prinz , G M , Razum , J , Sakelariev , I , Samuels , V , Sanguino , I , Say , N , Schuck , J , Soysal , I , Todsen , A L , Tünte , M R , Vdovic , M , Vintr , J , Vovko , M , Vranka , M A , Wagner , L , Wilkins , L , Willems , M , Wisdom , E , Yosifova , A , Zeng , S , Ahmed , M A , Dwarkanath , T , Cikara , M , Lees , J & Folke , T 2021 , ' The general fault in our fault lines ' , Nature Human Behaviour , vol. 5 , no. 10 , pp. 1369-1380 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01092-x
Pervading global narratives suggest that political polarization is increasing, yet the accuracy of such group meta-perceptions has been drawn into question. A recent US study suggests that these beliefs are inaccurate and drive polarized beliefs about out-groups. However, it also found that informing people of inaccuracies reduces those negative beliefs. In this work, we explore whether these results generalize to other countries. To achieve this, we replicate two of the original experiments with 10,207 participants across 26 countries. We focus on local group divisions, which we refer to as fault lines. We find broad generalizability for both inaccurate meta-perceptions and reduced negative motive attribution through a simple disclosure intervention. We conclude that inaccurate and negative group meta-perceptions are exhibited in myriad contexts and that informing individuals of their misperceptions can yield positive benefits for intergroup relations. Such generalizability highlights a robust phenomenon with implications for political discourse worldwide.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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