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Background: Menopause is associated with a number of adverse health effects and its timing has been reported to be influenced by several lifestyle factors. Whether greenspace exposure is associated with age at menopause has not yet been investigated. Objective: To investigate whether residential surrounding greenspace is associated with age at menopause and thus reproductive aging. Methods: This longitudinal study was based on the 20-year follow-up of 1955 aging women from a large, population- based European cohort (ECRHS). Residential surrounding greenspace was abstracted as the average of satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across a circular buffer of 300m around the residential addresses of each participant during the course of the study. We applied mixed effects Cox models with centre as random effect, menopause as the survival object, age as time indicator and residential surrounding ; Kai Triebner has received a postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Bergen. Payam Dadvand is funded by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (Grant: RYC-2012-10995) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Finance. The present analyses are part of a project funded by the Norwegian Research Council (Grant: 228174). Coordination of the ECRHS I was supported by the European Commission as part of the "Quality of Life" program and the authors and participants are grateful to the late C. Baya and M. Hallen for their help during the study and K. Vuylsteek and the members of the COMAC for their support. Coordination of the ECRHS II was supported by the European Commission as part of the "Quality of Life" program (Grant: QLK4-CT-1999-01237). The coordination of the ECRHS 3 was funded through the Medical Research Council (Grant: 92091). NDVI calculations were conducted within the framework of the Ageing Lungs In European Cohorts study that was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under (Grant: 633212). Bodies funding the local studies are listed in the online data ...

Background: Residing in greener areas is increasingly linked to beneficial health outcomes, but little is known about its effect on respiratory health. Objective: We examined associations between residential greenness and nearby green spaces with lung function up to 24 years in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Methods: Lung function was measured by spirometry at eight, 15 and 24 years of age. Greenness levels within circular buffers (100-1000 m) around the birth, eight-, 15- and 24-year home addresses were calculated using the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and averaged (lifetime greenness). The presence and proportion of green spaces (urban green spaces, forests and agricultural land) within a 300 m buffer was determined. First, associations between repeated greenness and green space variables and repeated lung function parameters were assessed using generalized estimation equations (N = 7094, 47.9% male). Second, associations between lifetime average greenness and lifetime average proportion of green spaces with lung function at 24-years were assessed using linear regression models (N = 1763, 39.6% male). All models were adjusted for individual and environmental covariates. Results: Using repeated greenspace and lung function data at eight, 15 and 24 years, greenness in a 100 m buffer was associated with higher FEV1 and FVC (11.4 ml [2.6, 20.3] and 12.2 ml [1.8, 22.7], respectively, per interquartile range increase), as was the presence of urban green spaces in a 300 m buffer (20.3 ml [-0.1, 40.7] and 23.1 ml [-0.3, 46.5] for FEV1 and FVC, respectively). These associations were independent of air pollution, urbanicity and socio-economic status. Lifetime average greenness within a 100 m buffer and proportion of agricultural land within a 300 m buffer were associated with better lung function at 24 years but adjusting for asthma attenuated these associations. Discussion: This study provides suggestive evidence that children whose homes are in more vegetated places or are in close proximity of green spaces have better lung function up to 24 years of age. ; The present analyses are part of the Ageing Lungs in European Cohorts (ALEC) study (www.alecstudy.org), which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 633212. Célina Roda is the recipient of a European Respiratory Society Fellowship [RESPIRE3-201703-00127], under H2020 - Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions COFUND]. The funding sources were not involved in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Background: The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) causes clinically relevant psychological and physical symptoms in up to 20% of women of reproductive age. To date, no studies have investigated the relationship between PMS and residential surrounding greenspace, although a green living environment has been reported to have beneficial associations with overall and reproductive health. Objective: To investigate whether lifelong exposure to residential surrounding greenspace is associated with PMS and whether such an association is mediated by BMI, air pollution or physical activity. Methods: This study used data collected in 2013-2015 from 1069 Scandinavian women aged 18-49 years, participating in RHINESSA, a European multi-centre and population-based cohort. Satellite-derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index was used as a proxy of greenspace. Presence of eight common PMS symptoms and their sum (PMS symptom count) were used as outcomes. The associations were assessed by adjusted multilevel logistic and negative binomial regressions. Subsequently we carried out mediation analyses for physical activity, BMI and air pollution exposure. Results: Higher exposure to residential surrounding greenspace was associated with "Anxiety or tension" (Odds Ratio 0.82, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.70 - 0.95), "Depression or hopelessness" (0.84, 0.73 - 0.98), "Difficulty with sleeping" (0.82, 0.68 - 1.00) and "Breast tenderness and abdominal bloating" (0.84, 0.71 - 0.99) before or around the start of the menstrual period. There was also an association with a lower PMS symptom count (Risk Ratio: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91 - 0.99). These associations were robust to sensitivity analyses and were not mediated by BMI, physical activity or air pollution. Conclusions: Living in greener areas may be beneficial against PMS symptoms. Further studies are needed to confirm these novel findings and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms. ; Kai Triebner has received a postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Bergen. Payam Dadvand is funded by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (Grant: RYC-2012–10995) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Finance. The present analyses are part of a project funded by the Norwegian Research Council (Grant: 228174). Co-ordination of the RHINESSA study has received funding from the Research Council of Norway (Grants No. 274767, 214123, 228174, 230,827 and 273838), ERC StG project BRuSH #804199, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 633,212 (the ALEC Study WP2), the Bergen Medical Research Foundation, and the Western Norwegian Regional Health Authorities (Grants No. 912011, 911892 and 911631). Study centre Bergen has further received local funding from the above-named grants for study establishment and co-ordination and in addition from the World University Network, the Norwegian Labour Inspection, and the Norwegian Asthma and Allergy Association. Iana Markevych is supported from the "NeuroSmog: Determining the impact of air pollution on the developing brain" (Nr. POIR 040.04.00-1763/18-00) which is implemented as part of the TEAM-NET programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, co-financed from EU resources, obtained from the European Regional Development Fund under the Smart Growth Operational Programme. The funding sources were not involved in the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article, in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report or in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Dieser Abschlussbericht des Forschungsvorhabens "Quantifizierung der Krankheitslast verursacht durch Ozon-⁠Exposition⁠ in Deutschland für die Jahre 2007-2016" dokumentiert das Projektziel, die verwendeten Methoden und dessen Ergebnisse. Beschrieben werden die gesundheitlichen Effekte in der deutschen Bevölkerung durch die Langzeit-Exposition gegenüber Ozon, die mittels der Environmental Burden of Disease-Methode in Form umweltbedingter Krankheitslasten für die Jahre 2007 - 2016 quantifiziert wurden. Besonderes Augenmerk galt dabei der Schätzung der Krankheitslast durch Ozon basierend auf Effektschätzern, die für Feinstaub (⁠PM2,5⁠) und Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) adjustiert wurden. Die Publikation richtet sich an Fachexpert*innen im Bereich Umwelt, Gesundheit / Public Health, an Medienvertreter*innen entsprechender fachlicher Ausrichtung sowie an politisch Verantwortliche im Bereich Luftreinhaltung und Gesundheitsschutz.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein). ; Background: Menopause is associated with a number of adverse health effects and its timing has been reported to be influenced by several lifestyle factors. Whether greenspace exposure is associated with age at menopause has not yet been investigated. Objective: To investigate whether residential surrounding greenspace is associated with age at menopause and thus reproductive aging. Methods: This longitudinal study was based on the 20-year follow-up of 1955 aging women from a large, population-based European cohort (ECRHS). Residential surrounding greenspace was abstracted as the average of satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across a circular buffer of 300 m around the residential addresses of each participant during the course of the study. We applied mixed effects Cox models with centre as random effect, menopause as the survival object, age as time indicator and residential surrounding greenspace as time-varying predictor. All models were adjusted for smoking habit, body mass index, parity, age at menarche, ever-use of contraception and age at completed full-time education as socio-economic proxy. Results: An increase of one interquartile range of residential surrounding greenspace was associated with a 13% lower risk of being menopausal (Hazard Ratio: 0.87, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.79–0.95). Correspondingly the predicted median age at menopause was 1.4 years older in the highest compared to the lowest NDVI quartile. Results remained stable after additional adjustment for air pollution and traffic related noise amongst others. Conclusions: Living in greener neighbourhoods is associated with older age at menopause and might slow reproductive aging. These are novel findings with broad implications. Further studies are needed to see whether our findings can be replicated in different populations and to explore the potential mechanisms underlying this association. ; Kai Triebner has received a postdoctoral fellowship from theUniversity of Bergen. Payam Dadvand is funded by a Ramón y Cajalfellowship (Grant: RYC-2012-10995) awarded by the Spanish Ministryof Economy and Finance. The present analyses are part of a projectfunded by the Norwegian Research Council (Grant: 228174).Coordination of the ECRHS I was supported by the EuropeanCommission as part of the"Quality of Life"program and the authorsand participants are grateful to the late C. Baya and M. Hallen for theirhelp during the study and K. Vuylsteek and the members of the COMACfor their support. Coordination of the ECRHS II was supported by theEuropean Commission as part of the"Quality of Life"program (Grant:QLK4-CT-1999-01237). The coordination of the ECRHS 3 was fundedthrough the Medical Research Council (Grant: 92091). NDVI calcula-tions were conducted within the framework of the Ageing Lungs InEuropean Cohorts study that was funded by the European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program under (Grant: 633212).Bodies funding the local studies are listed in the online data supple-ment. The funding sources were not involved in the conduct of theresearch and/or preparation of the article, in study design, in the col-lection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the reportor in the decision to submit the article for publication. ; Peer Reviewed

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink below ; Very few studies have examined whether a long-term beneficial effect of physical activity on lung function can be influenced by living in polluted urban areas. We assessed whether annual average residential concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO Associations between repeated assessments (at 27-57 and 39-67 years) of being physically active (physical activity: ≥2 times and ≥1 h per week) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV Among current smokers, physical activity and lung function were positively associated regardless of air pollution levels. Among never-smokers, physical activity was associated with lung function in areas with low/medium NO ; European Union