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What sort of human behavior might be deemed not only proper but justified within the framework of Aristotelian virtue ethics? The present study takes up this question on the basis of medieval Aristotle reception, in the work of Thomas Aquinas in particular. It reveals there is great philosophical promise – from a methodic and systematic perspective – in combining virtue ethics with ethical universalism.

Introduction / Kirstin Bunge, Marco J. Fuchs, Danaë Simmermacher, and Anselm Spindler -- Die referenzautoren der schule von salamanca und andere vorlaufer im mittelalter / Matthias Kaufmann -- The significance of the law (lex) for the relationship between individual and state in Luis de Molina (1535-1600) / Danaë Simmermacher -- Salas contra Suarez on the origins of political power / Benjamin Slingo -- Tomas Sanchez and late scholastic thought on marriage and political virtue / Christoph Haar -- The concept of ius gentium : some aspects of its doctrinal development from the school of Salamanca to the Universities of Coimbra and Evora / Paula Oliveira e Silva -- Gabriel Vazquez uber das naturrecht / Isabelle Mandrella -- Is Francisco Suarez a natural law ethicist? / Tobias Schaffner -- Law, natural law, and the foundation of morality in Francisco de Vitoria and Francisco Suarez / Anselm Spindler -- Das notrecht in der grotianischen naturrechtstheorie und seine spatscholastischen quellen / Dominik Recknagel -- Intellekt, wunsch und handlung : handlungsproduktion und handlungsrechtfertigung bei Francisco Suarez / Alejandro G. Vigo -- Metaphysics and psychology of the making of law in Francisco Suarez / Mauricio Lecon

For several years, attrition in the defense acquisition workforce has been a serious and persistent concern among stakeholders inside and outside of government, especially attrition related to baby boomer retirement. The primary concern relates to the risk of losing critical skills and experience required to maintain and improve enterprise effectiveness. The Army Director of Acquisition Career Management (DACM) defines retirement "brain drain" as generational retirement with the potential to create a talent vacuum. While change is inevitable and institutional transitions usually involve turbulence and friction, to date the Army Acquisition Workforce (AAW) has maintained its base of experienced workforce members and made steady progress improving workforce balance despite the rising retirement wave. This paper presents highlights of recently completed comprehensive data analysis that provides a view of recent trends within the AAW's 14 career fields. We also demonstrate the importance of proper problem-framing in developing an accurate understanding of the current state of the AAW and what dynamics led to it. ; Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Program

Synthesizing trait observations and knowledge across the Tree of Life remains a grand challenge for biodiversity science. Species traits are widely used in ecological and evolutionary science, and new data and methods have proliferated rapidly. Yet accessing and integrating disparate data sources remains a considerable challenge, slowing progress toward a global synthesis to integrate trait data across organisms. Trait science needs a vision for achieving global integration across all organisms. Here, we outline how the adoption of key Open Science principles—open data, open source and open methods—is transforming trait science, increasing transparency, democratizing access and accelerating global synthesis. To enhance widespread adoption of these principles, we introduce the Open Traits Network (OTN), a global, decentralized community welcoming all researchers and institutions pursuing the collaborative goal of standardizing and integrating trait data across organisms. We demonstrate how adherence to Open Science principles is key to the OTN community and outline five activities that can accelerate the synthesis of trait data across the Tree of Life, thereby facilitating rapid advances to address scientific inquiries and environmental issues. Lessons learned along the path to a global synthesis of trait data will provide a framework for addressing similarly complex data science and informatics challenges.

Altres ajuts europeus: P.A.W. was additionally supported by the European Union Fourth Environment and Climate Framework Programme (Project Number ENV4-CT970586)P.A.W. was additionally supported by the European Union Fourth Environment and Climate Framework Programme (Project Number ENV4-CT970586). ; The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.

Synthesizing trait observations and knowledge across the Tree of Life remains a grand challenge for biodiversity science. Species traits are widely used in ecological and evolutionary science, and new data and methods have proliferated rapidly. Yet accessing and integrating disparate data sources remains a considerable challenge, slowing progress toward a global synthesis to integrate trait data across organisms. Trait science needs a vision for achieving global integration across all organisms. Here, we outline how the adoption of key Open Science principles-open data, open source and open methods-is transforming trait science, increasing transparency, democratizing access and accelerating global synthesis. To enhance widespread adoption of these principles, we introduce the Open Traits Network (OTN), a global, decentralized community welcoming all researchers and institutions pursuing the collaborative goal of standardizing and integrating trait data across organisms. We demonstrate how adherence to Open Science principles is key to the OTN community and outline five activities that can accelerate the synthesis of trait data across the Tree of Life, thereby facilitating rapid advances to address scientific inquiries and environmental issues. Lessons learned along the path to a global synthesis of trait data will provide a framework for addressing similarly complex data science and informatics challenges.