Suchergebnisse

Within the scope of the scientific article, by means of documentary sources, the main conceptual directions of the fight against environmental crime in Ukraine are highlighted. Special emphasis is placed on the use of social mechanisms to ensure legality in the investigated area; adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On ecological culture of the population"; careful planning of the processes of development and implementation of organizational, legal and other measures aimed at preventing crimes against the environment. It is proposed to increase funding of control and supervisory bodies for the detection and prevention of criminal offenses, other state structures for the protection of nature; development of a unified state policy in the field of combating organized environmental crime, all this, on the basis of a criminological examination of legislation. In the conclusions it is proposed to unify the efforts of law enforcement agencies of various states to stop anti-environmental criminal behavior, neutralize all stages of the implementation of a criminal offense: planning, illegal extraction of resources, transportation, sale and laundering of proceeds obtained through crime against nature.

The article analyzes the current legislation on weapons and the opinion of scientists on firearms, ammunition, explosives or explosive devices. The fundamental importance of firearms in the forensic characterization of crimes is emphasized. It is noted that firearms are goods subject to a special regime of regulation, which can be carried out only by the Law of Ukraine. It is a particular type of weapon intended for attack, defense or sound signals, which is set off by the energy of gunpowder combustion gas. The authors' definition of firearms is given and the characteristic features of ammunition, explosives and explosive devices are highlighted. It is concluded that, for the purpose of legislative regulation of relations arising during the circulation of civilian firearms, as well as similar to weapons and ammunition products, in particular, to avoid free interpretation of the assessment of the actions of a person involved in crimes with the use of weapons, the development of a corresponding law comprehensively regulating this criminal methery is needed.

The article highlights the results of a study of the situation with official investigations into criminal offenses related to the enforced disappearance of persons in the context of armed aggression in eastern and southern Ukraine. The example of individual criminal proceedings presents some systemic problems that arise during the investigation of the facts of disappearance and suggests possible ways to solve them. There are several «blocks» of problems that lie in the field of criminal law, criminology, and criminal procedure. The points of view of scientists and practitioners on this problem are highlighted. It is concluded that Ukraine, in today's conditions, needs to take measures aimed at improving the legal mechanisms of observance and protection of the right of persons staying in its territory to freedom from enforced disappearance, as well as intensifying law enforcement agencies to prompt, complete and impartial investigation of such facts, their proper qualification, search for victims, identification of those responsible for their disappearance, ensuring that victims receive timely and adequate compensation. The methodological basis for writing the article was a dialectical-materialist method, as well as the set of general scientific and special methods and techniques of scientific knowledge.