Suchergebnisse

Carska Rusija je tokom devetnaestog veka, u više navrata demonstrirala vojno-političku moć. Kao velika sila, Rusija se trudila da se približi drugim evropskim silama i vrlo često je sprovodila reforme. Njenu političku tranziciju pratile su brojne protivurečnosti kao i nedovoljno uspešna refleksija modernih ideja. U otporu, ali i u kreativnom pristupu društvenim idejama, ruska intelektualna elita je nudila svoje odgovore. Posebno specifična inicijativa bilo je tzv. narodnjaštvo odnosno "otkrivanje Rusije". Nalazeći uporište u hrišćanstvu ova ideja je tragala za specifičnom ulogom ruskog naroda i odbijala je da prihvati nacionalni egoizam kao vodilju državnih interesa. Njena empatija bila je demonstrirana kroz slovenofilstvo ali i kroz brigu za čovečanstvo. Narativ, kroz stavove značajnog broja mislećih ljudi je alarmantno ukazivao da svet, kroz imperijalizam, sve više postaje pozornica militarizma u kojem je rat izvesniji od političkog dijaloga. Brojni srpski intelektualci su pomno pratili razvoj ove društveno-političke misli.

While military strategy can be oriented towards defence or attack, criminalistic strategy is oriented to repression or prevention. In the matters of domestic violence, police strategy in Serbia was primarily oriented to repression, but since the adoption of the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence, focus has changed. Prevention of domestic violence has become a basic criminalisticstrategic orientation. The main goal is to stop violence, if it has happened, to protect the victim and to prevent reappearance of the violence in the future. Repressive measures to the perpetrator are put aside, and undertaking of preventive measures in order to protect the victim becomes essential in police operations. The question is: has the domestic violence level dropped after the application of new strategic orientation? Number of registered events of domestic violence has increased since the adoption of the new Law. That does not automatically means that the domestic violence has escaletaed, but can indicate that the vicims' trust in police has increased, and thus the dark number has been reduced. Based on the implemented research, one may conclude the following: 1) Public risk of domestic violence is not the same in regional police departments, and the activities should be planned in accordance with that. 2) Police do not apply powers in a unique way throughout the whole territory of Serbia, so there is a need to prescribe mandatory way of police treatment. 3) Specialized training for prevention of domestic violence is not conducted continuously, and on the other hand, there is a need for mutal exchange of experience between authorized police officers. ; Dok vojna strategija može biti usmerena na odbranu ili napad, kriminalistička strategija je usmerena na represiju ili prevenciju. U oblasti porodičnog nasilja policijska strategija u Srbiji je bila prvenstveno usmerena na represiju, a od primene Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici (ZSNP ili Zakon) težište se u osnovi menja. Prevencija - sprečavanje nasilja u porodici postaje osnovno kriminalističko strateško usmerenje. Glavni cilj je prekinuti nasilje, ako je do istog došlo, zaštititi žrtvu i sprečiti da do nasilja dođe u budućnosti. Represivne mere prema učiniocu nasilja se stavljaju u drugi plan, tj. preduzimanje preventivnih mera u cilju zaštite žrtve su u prvom planu policijskog postupanja. Postavlja se pitanje da li je došlo do smanjenja porodičnog nasilja nakon primene novog strateškog usmerenja? Broj evidentiranih događaja nasilja u porodici je povećan od primene novog Zakona. To 'de facto' ne znači da je porodično nasilje eskaliralo već može značiti da je poverenje žrtava u policiju poraslo, a samim tim tamna brojka smanjena. Na osnovu realizovanog istraživanja zaključeno je da: 1) javni rizik od nasilja u porodici nije isti u područnim policijskim upravama, pa shodno tome treba planirati aktivnosti; 2) policija ne primenjuje ovlašćenja na jedinstven način na celoj teritoriji Srbije pa postoji potreba propisivanja obaveznog načina policijskog postupanja; 3) specijalizovana obuka za sprečavanje nasilja u porodici se ne sprovodi kontinuirano, a postoji potreba za međusobnom razmenom iskustava između nadležnih policijskih službenika.

Since the beginning of the 21st century more intensive efforts of the Serbian legislator have been observed which are directed at more efficient combatting illegal drugs abuse. The abuse of drugs and psychotropic substances is the problem which exists all around the world. Open borders allow easier movement of people and capital, but they also lead to appearance of new security threats. Legislative activities increase within the new environment, numerous international instruments are adopted, which among other things, imply progressive path of the EU legislation. When adopting and shaping a new legal text the legislators cannot anticipate all the future problems or foresee new manifesting forms of crime. When combatting illegal drug abuse, in principle, we are not talking about new manifesting forms of crime since they have been present since ancient times, but on the other hand the problems have originated in application of these provisions. Therefore, it is clear that we recognize the main reasons for amendments in difficulties in application of these norms in court practice. This, as the authors observe, brings into question normative shaping and drafting by the legislator. Chronologically observing the amendments to criminal legislation, we can see almost two decades of seeking for new adequate solutions in this field. The authors analyse these amendments and additions with special accent on the Law on amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of 2019 and attempt to find the answer to the question if the present state of the provisions, primarily Articles 246 and 246a, is acceptable, if the problems identified in court practice have been overcome or at least reduced. In the corresponding parts of the paper the authors refer to the current directions of development of the fight against drug abuse in other countries. At the end of the paper, as expected, there are suggestions de lege ferenda, as well as the authors' observations related to difficulties and obstacles on the path to drug abuse suppression.

The paper contains an analysis of certain provisions of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the first effects of its implementation. At the very beginning the question is asked of justification of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence. Almost on a daily basis nowadays the news headlines refer to violence among the family members, particularly the violence of men against women and children. The main debate in media is about whether the state organs and society as a whole have taken all necessary steps to prevent violence from happening at all. The authors point to the unacceptable terminology of the legislator. There are many questions asked and an attempt is made to give the answers to some of them following the legal norms. Who is the possible perpetrator of domestic violence? What kind of procedure are we talking about? What is the role of the defender in this procedure? Do urgent measures play preventive or repressive role? Has their imposing become a dominant manner in preventing and suppressing domestic violence? Has the right to freedom of a possible perpetrator been jeopardized? What are the first effects of such manner of conduct of state organs, primarily the police, the public prosecution office and the court? How can possible abuses be prevented? One of the effects of the implementation of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence should be prevention - the reduction in number of criminal offences of domestic violence. However, analyzing the available data the authors have come to quite the opposite conclusions. This means that the state has not responded in the best manner, using strict scientific reasoning and objective approach, to the matter of doctrinal analysis, and this is the problem of domestic violence. ; Rad sadrži analizu pojedinih odredaba Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici i prvih efekata njegove primene. Odmah na početku se postavlja pitanje opravdanosti Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici. Danas se udarne vesti u kolumnama svakodnevno odnose na nasilje među članovima porodice, naročito muškaraca nad ženama i decom. Glavna polemika u medijima vodi se o tome da li su državni organi i društvo u celini preduzeli sve što je neophodno da do nasilja ne dođe. Autori ukazuju na neprihvatljivu terminologiju zakonodavca. Postavljaju mnogobrojna pitanja i na neka od njih pokušavaju da daju odgovore prateći norme zakona. Ko je mogući učinilac nasilja u porodici? Koja je vrsta postupka u pitanju? Uloga branioca u ovom postupku? Da li hitne mere imaju preventivnu ili represivnu ulogu? Da li je njihovo izricanje postalo dominantan način sprečavanja i suzbijanja nasilja u porodici? Da li je ugroženo pravo na slobodu mogućeg učinioca? Kakvi su prvi efekti ovakvog načina rada državnih organa, pre svega policije, javnog tužilaštva i suda? Kako sprečiti eventualne zloupotrebe? Jedan od efekata primene Zakona o sprečavanju nasilja u porodici trebalo bi da bude prevencija - smanjenje broja krivičnih dela nasilja u porodici. Međutim, analizom dostupnih podataka autori zaključuju upravo suprotno. To znači da država nije na najbolji način, sa strogim naučnim rezonom i objektivnim pristupom, odgovorila na problem nasilja u porodici, koji je predmet doktrinarne analize u ovom radu.