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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Series Editors' Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Urban Politics and Policies in Urban Studies and Political Science -- City Studies, International Comparisons, and Urban Theories -- Explaining Urban Policy Change and Capacity Building in São Paulo -- Governance and Political Actors Governing São Paulo -- The City and Local Brazilian Institutions -- The Book -- Notes -- References -- Part I Urban Politics and Political Institutions -- Chapter 1 Governments, Mayors and Policies -- Brazilian Institutions and Municipalities in International Perspective -- Electoral Results and the Mayors of São Paulo -- Municipal Administrations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 The Politics of Executive‐Legislative Relations -- The Production of Governability -- Mayors, Political Strategies and Executive‐Legislative Relations -- What Else Do Councilors Do? Territories, Governability and Policy Implementation9 -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 The Politics of Municipal Budgets -- Analytic Dimensions of Public Budget Governance -- Budget Governance in São Paulo Municipality -- Final Considerations and Perspectives for a Research Agenda -- Notes -- References -- Part II Governing Urban Services -- Chapter 4 Struggling to Replace the Car Paradigm: Politics and Mobility Change -- Institutionalization, Insulation, and Capacitation of the Traffic Sector -- The CET: Insulated and Capacitated -- The Car Flow Paradigm -- Attempts to Deconstruct the Paradigm -- Analysis of Changes -- Final Considerations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Increasingly Governing Bus Services Through Policy Instruments -- The Recent Trajectory of Bus Transportation -- Governing Opacities in the Transportation Data.

1. Constructing conceptual bridges between poverty, segregation and networks -- 2. The spaces and poverties of Sao Paulo -- 3. What are the networks of metropolitan poor really like? -- 4. How do the networks vary? -- 5. Do the networks matter for the access to markets? -- 6. Do social networks matter in gaining access to goods and services obtained from outside markets? -- 7. How do the networks matter : network mobilization and relational mechanisms

It is usually considered that urban policy change happens gradually or abruptly, provoked by coalition shifts, political pressure, or by agenda changes in public policies. However, a broad set of urban policies in São Paulo, Brazil shows the relevance of the third kind of oscillating trajectory not yet accounted for by the literature. Departing from compared urban policies in São Paulo, this article shows incremental progressive trends due jointly to political competition (pushed by progressive governments) and policy production itself. While some programs entered the agenda to stay, others swung between implementation, latency, and reanimation. To investigate these processes, we compare four programs—(a) in situ slum upgrading and (b) bus integration (gradually imposing themselves), (c) cooperative housing construction, and (d) bus lanes/corridors (oscillating between latency and reanimation). The results challenge explanations of urban policy change, contributing to closer dialogues between urban studies and political science.

RESUMO Este artigo investiga um tema quase completamente inexplorado da formação de governo e da construção de burocracias e capacidades em âmbito local no Brasil: a existência de uma rede de decisores e burocratas de alto nível que se deslocam entre posições de comando de diferentes agências no governo de uma grande cidade. Redes desse tipo costuram agências, áreas de política pública e administrações e são responsáveis por uma parte substancial das práticas e processos informais que constroem governança por detrás dos procedimentos administrativos formais. Partindo de um banco de dados inédito, o artigo analisa a rede construída pela migração de decisores entre departamentos e agências da prefeitura de São Paulo entre 1985 e 2012, envolvendo dezenas de secretarias e aproximadamente cinco mil indivíduos em mais de uma centena de diferentes posições administrativas. Os resultados indicam a existência de um denso e complexo tecido relacional que conecta o interior de cada governo, costura áreas temáticas internamente entre agências e governos e liga governos com afinidades políticas. Os dados indicam que a estrutura da rede é um resultado ao mesmo tempo de processos de especialização temática e de clivagens políticas, criando importantes elementos de coordenação entre agências e governos.

AbstractPolicy implementation is an interactive process between citizens and street‐level bureaucrats. Although the literature has already addressed different factors that influence discretion, there is still a gap in understanding if and how bureaucrats' relational profiles affect policy implementation. This article analyses bureaucrats' interactions and the relational environments in which they exercise their discretion. The hypothesis is that bureaucrats' different relational profiles specify policy implementation at the street level. We study bureaucrats in a Brazilian health care programme involving community workers that requires regular visits to beneficiary families' homes. The research departs from ethnography and network analyses with workers from three very different contexts. We analyse bureaucrats' practices, the discursive styles mobilized in their interactions, and their personal networks. The results show that organizational factors are central to explain variations in practices, and their relational profiles highly influence the discursive styles used by bureaucrats in their interactions with citizens. The article concludes that relational elements can affect the exercise of discretion and influence interactions at the street level and should be incorporated more systematically in the implementation literature.