Suchergebnisse

An investigation of US participation in the transatlantic slave trade to the Americas, from the American Revolution to the Civil War While much of modern scholarship has focused on the American slave trade's impact within the United States, considerably less has addressed its effects in other parts of the Americas. A rich analysis of a complex subject, this study draws on Portuguese, Brazilian, and Spanish primary documents—as well as English-language material—to shed new light on the changing behavior of slave traders and their networks, particularly in Brazil and Cuba. Slavery in these nations, as Marques shows, contributed to the mounting tensions that would ultimately lead to the U.S. Civil War. Taking a truly Atlantic perspective, Marques outlines the multiple forms of U.S. involvement in this traffic amid various legislation and shifting international relations, exploring the global processes that shaped the history of this participation.

Esta réplica explora algumas das principais questões levantadas pelos comentários de Crislayne Alfagali, Jack Bouchard, Mary Draper, Waldomiro Lourenço Jr. e Jason Moore a respeito de meu primeiro artigo, "Cadeias mercantis e a história ambiental global das Américas coloniais". O texto segue uma divisão tripartite semelhante ao primeiro. Inicialmente, discuto algumas questões relacionadas à disciplina e aproveito para expandir aspectos que ficaram subdesenvolvidos em minha intervenção inicial, como a discussão sobre nacionalismo metodológico. Em um segundo momento, discuto especificamente as potencialidades e limites da história das mercadorias para se pensar a história do capitalismo. Na terceira e última seção, tomo como fio condutor a discussão sobre conhecimentos de indígenas e africanos na construção do mundo Atlântico para tentar amarrar as inúmeras questões levantadas ao longo do texto.

O presente artigo explora alguns dos problemas impostos pelo colapso ambiental contemporâneo à escrita da história e sugere, na esteira de outros pesquisadores, que um dos principais desafios atuais é combinar uma história global do capital com o tempo da natureza. Para tanto, abordagens que tomaram a história de mercadorias específicas como estratégia de análise são retomadas e avaliadas à luz de debates historiográficos contemporâneos. Na última parte do texto, dois exemplos concretos - as histórias do ouro do Brasil e dos navios norte-americanos - são explorados para ilustrar como o método permite caminhar na direção de uma história ambiental global das Américas coloniais em perspectiva crítica, ou seja, uma história do capital que transcenda o nacionalismo metodológico ainda vigente na historiografia e consiga incorporar o tempo da natureza em um movimento unificado de análise.

<p class="abstract">O presente texto analisa a transformação de portos dos Estados Unidos em centros de organização de expedições negreiras entre 1850 e 1867, parte fundamental do arranjo que permitiu o desembarque ilegal de aproximadamente 170.000 africanos escravizados em Cuba durante esse período. O artigo explora os motivos que levaram a essa transformação após a supressão do tráfico de escravos para o Brasil em princípios da década de 1850 e as principais características e estratégias da rede de contrabandistas que se estabeleceu em Nova Iorque. O estudo também explora as tensões locais, nacionais e internacionais geradas pelo estabelecimento dos traficantes nos Estados Unidos e, finalmente, o processo de desmantelamento das bases de organização do contrabando negreiro em sua fase final.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: tráfico de escravos - abolicionismo - segunda escravidão.</p><p class="texto" align="left"> <em></em></p><p class="abstract"> </p>

"While much of modern scholarship has focused on the American slave trade's impact within the United States, considerably less has addressed its effects in other parts of the Americas. A rich analysis of a complex subject, this study draws on Portuguese, Brazilian, and Spanish primary documents--as well as English-language material--to shed new light on the changing behavior of slave traders and their networks, particularly to Brazil and Cuba. Slavery in these nations, Marques describes, contributed to the mounting tensions that would ultimately lead to the US Civil War. Taking a truly Atlantic perspective, Marques outlines the multiple forms of US involvement in this traffic amid various legislation and shifting international relations, exploring the global processes that shaped the history of this participation." --

AbstractThis article explores the US contribution to the illegal transatlantic slave trade to Brazil and the tensions generated by this hemispheric connection in the mid-nineteenth century. It combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, based on diplomatic records and Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, in order to assess the size and variety of forms of US participation in the traffic to Brazil. More generally, the article examines the tensions caused by the rise of abolitionism and the limits to the enforcement of anti-slave trade legislation in the free trade international environment that emerged after the Napoleonic Wars. By framing the attitudes of the US government within a broader Atlantic context, this work shows why certain forms of US participation in the contraband slave trade (such as providing US-built ships) became more predominant than others (such as directly financing and organising slave voyages) by the mid-nineteenth century.

PurposeDespite the systemic nature of circular economy (CE), theorisation that draws from a supply network perspective is only incipient. Moreover, the operations and supply chain management (OSCM) field has engaged in little dialogue with circularity. This study explores social network analysis (SNA) to depict how the shift from linear to circular not only leads to higher rates of resource economy, repair and recycle but also reshapes governance dynamics and network structure of supply networks.Design/methodology/approachThe study departs from a systematic review of the literature and draws from core concepts in OSCM, CE and SNA to offer theoretical propositions that articulate how social network metrics can depict supply network circularity. The framework is illustrated with examples from fashion and electronics industries.FindingsFour theoretical propositions enlighten how betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality and network density can explain the shift from linear to circular supply networks across the three CE strategies of narrowing, slowing and closing.Originality/valueThe combination of biomimicry, CE, the push–pull dichotomy and social network metrics offer a theory-driven framework for supply network circularity.

This paper provides a report on the utilization of the X-ray microtomography to obtain images of the internal microstructure of natural sandstone samples from the Botucatu Formation. Its primary objective was to identify the different phases of fluids when injected into the samples to evaluate the various phases through grayscale histograms obtained from 2-D images, quantification of fluid phases, and generation of 3-D images of them. The fluids used in the experiments comprised one type of commercial oil, one type of industrial oil, and an water-salt solution. Quantitative results from 2-D and 3-D analyzes are presented and compared to the volume of injected solution and the measured volume. The phase size distributions indicated which pore radii had a more relevant participation in the percolation of fluids through the samples. Projections in conjunction with 2-D images and profiles of average percentages of air-filled pores indicated the occurrence of preferential percolation flow paths. The 2-D images allowed the measurement of the contact angle between the phases present in the sample containing industrial oil. Different measurements taken from the sample containing commercial oil showed capillary effects indicated by the average percentage profiles of air-filled pores in the 2-D images.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to map current knowledge on big data analytics (BDA) for supply chain risk management (SCRM) while providing future research needs.Design/methodology/approachThe research team systematically reviewed 53 articles published between 2015 and 2021 and further contrasted the synthesis of these articles with four in-depth interviews with BDA startups that provider solutions for SCRM.FindingsThe analysis is framed in three perspectives. First, supply chain visibility – i.e. the number of tiers in the solutions; second, BDA analytical approach – descriptive, prescriptive or predictive approaches; third, the SCRM processes from risk monitoring to risk optimization. The study underlines that the forefront of innovation lies in multi-tiered, multi-directional solutions based on prescriptive BDA to support risk response and optimization (SCRM). In addition, we show that research on these innovations is scant, thus offering an important avenue for future studies.Originality/valueThis study makes relevant contributions to the field. We offer a theoretical framework that highlights the key relationships between supply chain visibility, BDA approaches and SCRM processes. Despite being at forefront of the innovation frontier, startups are still an under-explored agent. In times of major disruptions such as COVID-19 and the emergence of a plethora of new technologies that reshape businesses dynamically, future studies should map the key role of such actors to the advancement of SCRM.