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As the 2400 MWth gas-cooled fast reactor concept makes use of passive safety features in combination with active safety systems, the question of natural circulation decay heat removal (NCDHR) reliability and performance assessment into the ongoing probabilistic safety assessment in support to the reactor design, named "probabilistic engineering assessment" (PEA), constitutes a challenge. Within the 5th Framework Program for Research and Development (FPRD) of the European Community, a methodology has been developed to evaluate the reliability of passive systems characterized by a moving fluid and whose operation is based on physical principles, such as the natural circulation. This reliability method for passive systems (RMPSs) is based on uncertainties propagation into thermal-hydraulic (T-H) calculations. The aim of this exercise is finally to determine the performance reliability of the DHR system operating in a "passive" mode, taking into account the uncertainties of parameters retained for thermal-hydraulical calculations performed with the CATHARE 2 code. According to the PEA preliminary results, exhibiting the weight of pressurized scenarios (i.e., with intact primary circuit boundary) for the core damage frequency (CDF), the RMPS exercise is first focusing on the NCDHR performance at these T-H conditions.

This chapter focuses on analysis of the interaction of local or community organizations with public authorities, focusing on the activities impacting immigrant populations based on research in Oeiras, outside Lisbon, & the EU's Urban progam for regeneration. The model of the MPMC project was based on top-bottom & activation-mobilization dichotomies that require extensive refinement to fit empirical reality, as they do not distinguish between the separate entities involved, they assume linear or hierarchical processes, & do not account for the complexity of institutional levels between which the activation & mobilization processes operate. Expanding the MPMC theoretical framework to include institutional levels ranging from the neighborhood to the supranational incorporates the specificity of differences while maintaining the comparative potential of the analytical model. 3 Figures, 35 References. L. Kehl

This chapter focuses on analysis of the interaction of local or community organizations with public authorities, focusing on the activities impacting immigrant populations based on research in Oeiras, outside Lisbon, & the EU's Urban progam for regeneration. The model of the MPMC project was based on top-bottom & activation-mobilization dichotomies that require extensive refinement to fit empirical reality, as they do not distinguish between the separate entities involved, they assume linear or hierarchical processes, & do not account for the complexity of institutional levels between which the activation & mobilization processes operate. Expanding the MPMC theoretical framework to include institutional levels ranging from the neighborhood to the supranational incorporates the specificity of differences while maintaining the comparative potential of the analytical model. 3 Figures, 35 References. L. Kehl

[EN] We have developed an integrated method to generate a normalized cDNA collection enriched in full-length and rare transcripts from citrus, using different species and multiple tissues and developmental stages. Interpretation of ever-increasing raw sequence information generated by modern genome sequencing technologies faces multiple challenges, such as gene function analysis and genome annotation. In this regard, the availability of full-length cDNA clones facilitates functional analysis of the corresponding genes enabling manipulation of their expression and the generation of a variety of tagged versions of the native protein. The development of full-length cDNA sequences has the power to improve the quality of genome annotation, as well as provide tools for functional characterization of genes ; The authors would like to thank to all participants in the Spanish Citrus Functional Genomic Project, specially to Drs. Javier Forment, Jose Gadea, and Vicente Conejero. This work was funded by grants from the Spanish Government GEN2001-4885-CO5-01 and GEN2001-4885-CO5-02. ; Marques, MC.; Perez Amador, MA. (2012). Construction and analysis of full-length and normalized cDNA libraries from citrus. Functional Genomics: Methods and Protocols. 815:51-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-424-7_5 ; S ; 51 ; 65 ; 815 ; Carninci P, Kvam C, Kitamura A, Ohsumi T, Okazaki Y, Itoh M, Kamiya M, Shibata K, Sasaki N, Izawa M, Muramatsu M, Hayashizaki Y, and Schneider C (1996) High-efficiency full-length cDNA cloning by biotinylated CAP trapper. Genomics 37 327–336. ; Carninci P, Shibata Y, Hayatsu N, Sugahara Y, Shibata K, Itoh M, Konno H, Okazaki Y, Muramatsu M, and Hayashizaki Y (2000) Normalization and subtraction of CAP-trapper-selected cDNAs to prepare full-length cDNA libraries for rapid discovery of new genes. Genome Res. 10, 1617–1630. ; Suzuki Y, and Sugano S (2003) Construction of a full-length enriched and a 5'-end enriched cDNA library using the Oligo-capping method. Methods Mol. Biol. 221 73–91. ; Clepet C, Le ...

This article is about Cape Verdean women who make a living through engaging in regular transnational petty trade. They buy consumer goods in West African countries, in Portugal and elsewhere in Europe, in Brazil and in the USA, to sell back in Cape Verde, either in open‐air markets or in their own shops. Women perform most of this kind of trade and they operate on the border between the formal and informal economies. Drawing on interview material, the article shows how their self‐presentation as autonomous self‐reliant economic agents relates to gender and family roles and to a strategic balance between personal freedom and embeddedness in multi‐territorialized networks.

Three separate sub-regions have been assessed within the region, including drainage basins and their associated coastal/marine zones: the South/Southeast Atlantic Basins, East Atlantic Basins, and São Francisco River Basin. Increased anthropogenic pressures due to economic development and urbanization in the coastal area have polluted the water environment and caused severe impact on important ecosystems such as coastal plains and mangrove ecosystems. Significant changes in the suspended solids transport/sedimentation dynamics in the river basins due to unsustainable land use practices associated to intense deforestation and damming has caused increasing erosion of coastal zones, silting of riverbeds, and modified the stream flows resulting in periods of water scarcity and flooding in some basins. The root causes of pollution and habitat and community modification are identified for the bi-national Mirim Lagoon Basin, a transboundary freshwater body shared between Brazil and Uruguay, and Doce River Basin that hosts biomes of global importance. Potential remedial policy options are presented.--Publisher's description