Suchergebnisse

El rigor en la toma de decisiones en materia de políticas públicas requiere necesariamente de un adecuado marco conceptual e instrumental que les otorgue calidad. Este texto ofrece argumentos sobre el porqué y las posibilidades de una Evaluación de Impacto Territorial (EIT) ?tal y como se contemplaba en el plan de acción de la Agenda Territorial Europea? o si ésta debe integrarse en las ya bien instaladas Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE) o Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA). La obra, orientada tanto a la administración, al ámbito académico y a los estudiantes universitarios, así como al público interesado, pretende ayudar a afrontar algunos de los retos que la política y los instrumentos de ordenación territorial tienen planteados actualmente, tratando de contribuir a mejorar de esta forma la calidad de nuestra planificación y gestión territoriales y sus resultados. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are important neurodegenerative disorders, especially in an aging population context that prevails in high-developed countries and Europe in particular. It is known that exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to the production and deposition of aggregate clusters of proteins, which are linked to neurological disorders and impediments. Nonetheless, only a few works study the short-term exposure to PM and its association with hospital admissions or mortality due to AD or PD. This study assesses the association between exposure to PM and emergency hospital admissions for AD and PD in an aging metropole, serving as a case study for most European big cities. Daily emergency hospital admissions due to AD and PD data were obtained for the 2012 to 2015 period and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between PM and admissions while controlling for the day of the week, seasonality, and environmental factors. Furthermore, lagged observations were assessed. Results show that an increase in exposure to PM2.5 resulted in a percentage increase in emergency hospital admissions due to AD and PD. Also, age was an effect modifier for PD admissions. Additionally, greater effects were felt at shorter lags for AD and delayed/longer lags for PD. This study found a relationship between short-term exposure to PM and AD and PD hospital admissions in an urban context, drawing attention to the importance of air pollution for urban health, especially in areas with an aged population structure.

Access to health care is a sensitive issue in low population density territories, as these areas tend to have a lower level of service provision. One dimension of access is accessibility. This paper focuses on measuring the accessibility to urgent and emergency care services in the Portuguese region of Baixo Alentejo, a territory characterized by low population density. Data for the calculation of accessibility is the road network, and the methodology considers the application of a two-level network analyst method: time-distance by own mean (car or taxi) to the urgent care services and the time distance to emergency services as a way to get assistance and to go to urgent care services. While urgent care accessibility meets the requirements stipulated in the Integrated Medical Emergency System's current legislative framework, the simulation of different scenarios of potential accessibility shows intra-regional disparities. Some territories have a low level of accessibility. Older adults, the poorly educated, and low-income population, also have the lowest levels of accessibility, which translates into dually disadvantageous situation since the potential users of emergency services are most likely to belong to this group of citizens. ; Em territórios de baixa densidade populacional, o acesso aos cuidados de saúde é uma questão delicada, pois essas áreas tendem a ter um nível mais baixo de prestação de serviços. Uma dimensão do acesso é a medição da acessibilidade. Este artigo tem como propósito medir a acessibilidade aos serviços de urgência e aos meios de emergência médica na região portuguesa do Baixo Alentejo, território caracterizado por uma baixa densidade populacional. A metodologia considera o método network analyst aplicado à rede viária, em dois níveis: o cálculo da distância-tempo aos serviços de urgência usando modo próprio (carro ou táxi); e o cálculo da distância-tempo recorrendo aos meios de socorro e emergência como forma de aceder aos serviços de urgência. Embora se considere que a acessibilidade ...

Urban mobility plays an important role in addressing urban livability. The complexification and dispersion of travel due to the improvement of transport and the multiplication of our daily living places underline the relevance of multilevel territorial planning, recognizing that the knowledge of local differences is essential for more effective urban policies. This paper aims (1) to comprehend conceptually how urban mobility contributes to the urban livability from the local to metropolitan level and (2) to assess the previous relation toward a livable metropolis based on the readily available statistics for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Hence, a triangulation between conceptual, political/operative, and quantitative/monitoring approaches is required. The methodology follows four steps: (1) literature review focusing on the quantification of urban mobility within the urban livability approach; (2) data collection from the Portuguese statistics system; (3) data analysis and results, using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by cluster analysis (CA); (4) discussion and conclusions. In Portugal, although it is implicit, consistency is evident between the premises of recent urban mobility policies and respective planning instruments, such as the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP), and the premises of urban livability as an urban movement. Focusing on the national statistics system, the available indicators that meet our quality criteria are scarce and represent a reduced number of domains. Even so, they allow identifying intra-metropolitan differences in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) that could support multilevel planning instruments. The results identified five principal components related to commuting at the local and intermunicipal level, including car use as well as social and environmental externalities, and they reorganized the 18 LMA municipalities into eight groups, clearly isolating Lisbon, the capital, from the others. The identification of sensitive territories and respective problems ...

Urban mobility plays an important role in addressing urban livability. The complexification and dispersion of travel due to the improvement of transport and the multiplication of our daily living places underline the relevance of multilevel territorial planning, recognizing that the knowledge of local differences is essential for more effective urban policies. This paper aims (1) to comprehend conceptually how urban mobility contributes to the urban livability from the local to metropolitan level and (2) to assess the previous relation toward a livable metropolis based on the readily available statistics for the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Hence, a triangulation between conceptual, political/operative, and quantitative/monitoring approaches is required. The methodology follows four steps: (1) literature review focusing on the quantification of urban mobility within the urban livability approach; (2) data collection from the Portuguese statistics system; (3) data analysis and results, using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by cluster analysis (CA); (4) discussion and conclusions. In Portugal, although it is implicit, consistency is evident between the premises of recent urban mobility policies and respective planning instruments, such as the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP), and the premises of urban livability as an urban movement. Focusing on the national statistics system, the available indicators that meet our quality criteria are scarce and represent a reduced number of domains. Even so, they allow identifying intra-metropolitan differences in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) that could support multilevel planning instruments. The results identified five principal components related to commuting at the local and intermunicipal level, including car use as well as social and environmental externalities, and they reorganized the 18 LMA municipalities into eight groups, clearly isolating Lisbon, the capital, from the others. The identification of sensitive territories and respective problems ...

This chapter extends the analysis of urban-rural relationships by the use of case studies. Through these studies more detailed information on processes and relevant policy initiatives are presented which complements the analysis undertaken at NUTS3 level. As urban-rural relations do not coincide with administrative boundary systems, analyses based on datasets organised according to such systems can only provide limited insights into the processes underlying and shaping urban-rural relationships. The case studies are representative of the different categories identified in the typology of urban-rural characteristics (presented in Chapter 3) and they address three different themes: · socio-economic diversification, · territorial interdependence and · land use profitability. The first two deal mainly with functional relations while the third deals primarily with structural and power relations. Table 4.1 summarises the location of each case study in a matrix based on the area types and the three themes. The findings of the two first case study themes are presented in the subchapters 4.1 and 4.2 – and summarized in 4.3. The questions of land-use profitability and urban sprawl are dealt with in Chapter 5. The case studies were prepared by project partners and some subcontractors, as well as by the two observing partners1. The case studies can be accessed at the website2 of the project. Some key features of the cases are presented in Annex 7. The case studies undertaken for this project build on the research undertaken for the Study Programme on European Spatial Planning (SPESP)3. The final report from the SPESP project identified several dimensions of economic, socio-cultural and political transitions which were considered to be underpinning changes in contemporary urbanrural relationships. These are summarised in Table 4.2.[.] ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

L'article analyse les dynamiques urbaines et agricoles dans la re´gion de la Lezı´ria do Tejo, situe´e en troisie`me couronne me´tropolitaine de Lisbonne. Cette re´gion est actuellement confronte´e au de´clin de l'agriculture et a` un e´talement urbain qui s'effectue principalement par la conversion des sols agricoles. L'une des solutions envisage´es par le Plan re´gional d'ame´nagement du territoire (PROT-OVT) pour lutter contre ces phe´nome`nes, re´side dans la multifonctionnalite´ de l'agriculture. Nous nous sommes attache´s a` comprendre la manie`re dont l'urbanisation a e´volue´ vis-a`-vis des espaces agricoles, par l'analyse des donne´es d'occupation des sols dans les zonages des Plans directeurs municipaux (PDM) et ceux de la Re´serve agricole nationale (RAN), et par l'analyse des regards des acteurs territoriaux sur l'e´volution en cours. Les re´sultats rendent compte de la fac¸on dont les instruments d'ame´nagement local et les acteurs re´pondent a` l'e´talement urbain et a` la de´prise agricole, et mettent en perspective le roˆle que la multifonctionnalite´ peut jouer dans ces re´ponses. Ils laissent pressentir la ne´cessite´ d'une de´marche inte´grant a` la fois le zonage fonctionnel et les projets des acteurs. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

En 2004, la moitié des européens affirment avoir utilisé Internet. Les moins de 24 ans semblent être les plus adeptes, avec 75% d'entre eux qui naviguent régulièrement plus ou moin sur la toile. En 2005, environ un foyer européen sur deux possède une connexion Internet. Au cours des vingt dernières années, l'informatique et l'Internet ont bouleversé l'économie, la recherche scientifique et l'administration au niveau mondial. Les réseaux informatiques maillent progressivement l'ensemble des territoires. Les politiques publiques centrées sur la Société de l'Information ont un rôle à jouer dans ce domaine. Les TIC représentent un des moyens de lutter contre l'exclusion sociale. Afin de mieux observer la diffusion des nouvelles technologies, le programme européen eAtlasudoe a pour objectif de transmettre aux chercheurs et aux acteurs publics des informations sur l'évolution des usages des TIC. Une équipe, formée de trois universités et de trois observatoires régionaux, a choisi de constituer une communauté de travail pour rendre compte de l'émergence de la Société de l'Information sur les territoires du Sud-Ouest européen. Les membres du projet sont répartis sur trois territoires : - Midi-Pyrénées, en France - Aragon, en EspagneRégion de Lisbonne, au Portugal1 Un des enjeux du partenariat est d'analyser les différenciations territoriales afin de déceler « les bonnes pratiques », les points positifs de ces trois régions dans le domaine des TIC, et les freins des non-utilisateurs. Parmi six axes de travail étudiés par l'ensemble des partenaires, les observatoires se sont engagés à mettre en commun des indicateurs sur un thème précis : la pénétration d'Internet au sein des foyers. Cet axe vise à s'interroger sur l'évolution des usages Internet des ménages, la connexion haut débit, etc. En terme de méthodologie, des interrogations restent en suspend, notamment concernant la structure de l'échantillon, le panel : qu'entend-on par foyers ? Interroge t'on un foyer au complet ou un individu au sein d'un foyer ? Ce dossier ...